{"title":"热销产品","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"motorcycle-metal-catalytic-converter","title":"Motorcycle Catalytic Converter Stainless Steel Universal Muffler Exhaust for Harley, Honda, Yamaha Honeycomb Metal Catalytic Converter","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Name\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003eMotorcycle Catalytic Converter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14px;\"\u003eHigh-temperature-resistant metal core\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 16px;\"\u003eCoating content: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003ePT+PD+RH\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 Piece\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmission:\u003c\/strong\u003eEURO3 4 5 6\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVehicle Inspection Notice\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Motorcycle installation position: 50cm away from the engine for best results\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Do not test with a cold engine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Before testing, the vehicle needs to be idle for about 20 minutes, or after riding for 0.5-1 hour before testing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorking Principle\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMotorcycle catalytic converters use a METAL\u003cstrong\u003e honeycomb structure\u003c\/strong\u003e coated with \u003cstrong\u003eprecious metal catalysts (Pt\/Pd\/RH)\u003c\/strong\u003e to promote oxidation and reduction reactions as hot exhaust gases pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMain Reactions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCO → CO₂ (carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHC → CO₂ + H₂O (unburned hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water vapor)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNOx → N₂ + O₂ (nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese chemical reactions significantly reduce \u003cstrong\u003eair pollutants\u003c\/strong\u003e, helping your motorcycle meet emission regulations and run cleaner.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommon Misunderstanding: Catalytic Converter vs. Muffler\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany riders confuse the \u003cstrong\u003ecatalytic converter\u003c\/strong\u003e with a \u003cstrong\u003emuffler\u003c\/strong\u003e, but they are completely different components:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"center\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMuffler\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMain Function\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReduces harmful gas emissions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReduces exhaust noise\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInternal Structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCeramic or metallic core with catalyst coating\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChambers and baffles to dampen sound\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVisible Smoke\/Odor\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReduces visible exhaust smoke and smell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHas no chemical effect on exhaust gases\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompliance Role\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRequired for emission standards (Euro 3\/4\/5\/6, etc.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRequired for noise regulations only\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT","offers":[{"title":"20x20mm","offer_id":51670983704922,"sku":null,"price":3.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"20x100mm","offer_id":51670983737690,"sku":null,"price":5.18,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"28x60mm","offer_id":51670983770458,"sku":null,"price":5.18,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"28x90mm","offer_id":51670983803226,"sku":null,"price":9.32,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"32x80mm","offer_id":51670983835994,"sku":null,"price":7.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"32x40mm","offer_id":51670983868762,"sku":null,"price":6.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x40mm","offer_id":51670983901530,"sku":null,"price":6.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x50mm","offer_id":51670983934298,"sku":null,"price":6.92,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x45mm","offer_id":51670983967066,"sku":null,"price":7.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x50m","offer_id":51670983999834,"sku":null,"price":7.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x60mm","offer_id":51670984032602,"sku":null,"price":7.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x80mm","offer_id":51670984065370,"sku":null,"price":9.32,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"35x100mm","offer_id":51670984098138,"sku":null,"price":9.84,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x50mm","offer_id":51670984130906,"sku":null,"price":7.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x70mm","offer_id":51670984163674,"sku":null,"price":9.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x80mm","offer_id":51670984196442,"sku":null,"price":10.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"40x90mm","offer_id":51670984229210,"sku":null,"price":12.43,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"42x70mm","offer_id":51670984261978,"sku":null,"price":10.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"42x80mm","offer_id":51670984294746,"sku":null,"price":12.43,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"42x100mm","offer_id":51670984327514,"sku":null,"price":15.54,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"42x110mm","offer_id":51670984360282,"sku":null,"price":16.58,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"42x130mm","offer_id":51670984393050,"sku":null,"price":19.17,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"45x60mm","offer_id":51670984425818,"sku":null,"price":8.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"45x65mm","offer_id":51670984458586,"sku":null,"price":9.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"45x100mm","offer_id":51670984491354,"sku":null,"price":13.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"45x110mm","offer_id":51670984524122,"sku":null,"price":16.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"45x130mm","offer_id":51670984556890,"sku":null,"price":19.68,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"50x80mm","offer_id":51670984589658,"sku":null,"price":16.06,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"50.5x80mm","offer_id":51670984622426,"sku":null,"price":16.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"53x60mm","offer_id":51670984655194,"sku":null,"price":11.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"53x80mm","offer_id":51670984687962,"sku":null,"price":17.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"57*50mm","offer_id":51670984720730,"sku":null,"price":11.91,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"57x100mm","offer_id":51670984753498,"sku":null,"price":21.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"60x60mm","offer_id":51670984786266,"sku":null,"price":15.02,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"63.5x50mm","offer_id":51670984819034,"sku":null,"price":14.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"63.5x70mm","offer_id":51670984851802,"sku":null,"price":19.68,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"73x60mm","offer_id":51670984884570,"sku":null,"price":20.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"73x80mm","offer_id":51670984917338,"sku":null,"price":24.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"76x100mm","offer_id":51670984950106,"sku":null,"price":26.42,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"76x140mm","offer_id":51670984982874,"sku":null,"price":30.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"80x80mm","offer_id":51670985015642,"sku":null,"price":24.86,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/high-flow-cat-converter-for-sport-bikes-oval-design.jpg?v=1753337575"},{"product_id":"ceramic-universal-catalytic-converter","title":"Metal Catalyst 400 Cpsi Durability with Precious MetalCoating Total Length 120 mm with Metal Housing","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 陶瓷与金属基材的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is the difference between ceramic and metal substrates?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCeramic and metal substrates are the two primary carrier materials used in catalytic converters. Here is a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCeramic Substrate\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMetal Substrate\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial Composition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite (2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) or Silicon Carbide (SiC)[reference:0]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFe-Cr-Al alloy (ferritic stainless steel, e.g. FeCr21Al6)[reference:1]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWall Thickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 0.10 mm[reference:2]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~ 0.03 mm (much thinner)[reference:3]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCell Density (CPSI)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically ~400 CPSI[reference:4]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e25 – 1200 CPSI (wider range)[reference:5]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeometric Surface Area\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower[reference:6]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher[reference:7]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (brittle, prone to cracking)[reference:8]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (resistant to vibration and impact)[reference:9]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood[reference:10]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh[reference:11]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavier (1,500-2,000g)[reference:12]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLighter (800-1,200g, 40-50% less)[reference:13]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1-3 W\/mK)[reference:14]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (100-200× faster than ceramic)[reference:15]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLight-off Time (warm-up)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSlower (2-3 minutes)[reference:16]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFaster (30-45 seconds)[reference:17]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack Pressure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher[reference:18]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower[reference:19]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeat Capacity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh[reference:20]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow[reference:21]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature Tolerance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to ~1,000-1,200°C[reference:22]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to 1,300-1,400°C[reference:23]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCell Shape\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare cells[reference:24]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSinusoidal channels[reference:25]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (cost-effective at volume)[reference:26]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher[reference:27]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShape Flexibility\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited (fixed tooling required)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHighly flexible (easy customization)[reference:28]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSummary:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ceramic substrates are cost-effective and perform well at low space velocities[reference:29], but are brittle and heavier. Metal substrates offer superior durability, faster warm-up, lower back pressure, and greater design flexibility[reference:30], though at a higher cost[reference:31]. The choice depends on your specific application requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 陶瓷与金属催化剂的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e What is the difference between ceramic and metal catalysts?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth ceramic and metal catalysts serve the same fundamental purpose — converting harmful exhaust gases (CO, HC, NOx) into harmless substances through catalytic reactions. However, they differ significantly in performance characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePerformance Metric\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCeramic Catalyst\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMetal Catalyst\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow Space Velocity Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eBetter conversions (especially for HC and CO)[reference:32]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower conversions at low space velocities[reference:33]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Space Velocity Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower conversions[reference:34]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eBetter conversions (larger surface area)[reference:35]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO Conversion Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGenerally high, can be lower at high space velocities[reference:36]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to 98.6% at high temperatures[reference:37]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHC Conversion Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to 98.6%[reference:38]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~61.3%[reference:39]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOx Reduction Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to 87.2%[reference:40]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~81.1%[reference:41]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCold-Start Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSlower to reach operating temperature[reference:42]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFaster warm-up (30-45 seconds)[reference:43]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but brittle — prone to cracking from impact[reference:44]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent — highly resistant to vibration and thermal shock[reference:45]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Vulnerability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher tendency towards thermal shock[reference:46]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower tendency — more tolerant of temperature extremes[reference:47]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate Length (for same performance)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDouble the length of metal substrate[reference:48]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHalf the length of ceramic substrate[reference:49]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOBDII vehicles, standard passenger cars[reference:50]\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOBDI applications, performance vehicles, diesel[reference:51]\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaways:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeramic catalysts\u003c\/strong\u003e excel at low space velocities (e.g., idle\/low-load conditions) and offer excellent HC conversion[reference:52]. They are more cost-effective for high-volume production[reference:53].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal catalysts\u003c\/strong\u003e outperform at high space velocities (e.g., high-speed driving) due to larger surface area and better mass transfer characteristics[reference:54][reference:55]. They warm up faster, resist thermal shock better, and offer greater durability[reference:56], but come at a higher cost[reference:57].\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 原Q3（催化转化器工作原理） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e How does a catalytic converter work?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ethree-way catalytic converter\u003c\/strong\u003e (TWC) simultaneously converts three primary harmful exhaust pollutants into less harmful substances through oxidation and reduction reactions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarbon Monoxide (CO)\u003c\/strong\u003e → oxidized into Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUnburned Hydrocarbons (HC)\u003c\/strong\u003e → oxidized into Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Water (H₂O)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNitrogen Oxides (NOx)\u003c\/strong\u003e → reduced into Nitrogen (N₂) and Oxygen (O₂)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe substrate (ceramic or metal) is coated with a \"washcoat\" containing precious metal catalysts (platinum, palladium, rhodium). As exhaust gases pass through the honeycomb channels at high temperature (around 300°C), these metals catalyze the chemical reactions that convert approximately 98% of harmful emissions into harmless gases[reference:58]. This process is essential for meeting global emissions standards and protecting air quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 原Q4（排放标准） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Does this meet Euro 3-6 emissions standards?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYes. Our metal and ceramic catalytic converter substrates are designed to comply with \u003cstrong\u003eEuro 3, Euro 4, Euro 5, and Euro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e emissions standards. When properly installed on a vehicle that is otherwise in good mechanical condition, our substrates support the vehicle's ability to meet the emissions limits for which it was originally certified. Euro 3 was introduced in 2000, with each subsequent standard imposing stricter limits — our substrates are engineered to meet the requirements across this range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e Emissions compliance depends on the complete vehicle system, not just the catalytic converter. Proper engine tuning, oxygen sensor function, and overall engine health are also critical factors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 原Q5（质保） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is your warranty policy?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur warranty policy differs by product type:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeramic Muffler Cores\u003c\/strong\u003e — No warranty provided. These are mechanical components subject to wear and external factors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Converter Substrates (Ceramic or Metal)\u003c\/strong\u003e — Covered by a \u003cstrong\u003e2‑year \/ 50,000 km (approximately 31,000 miles) warranty\u003c\/strong\u003e against manufacturing defects. This warranty covers the substrate structure and catalytic coating integrity under normal use conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe warranty does not cover damage caused by improper installation, engine misfire, use of leaded fuel, physical impact damage, or contamination from oil\/coolant. Please retain your purchase receipt and installation records for warranty claims.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 通用催化转化器安装指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e Universal metal catalytic converter installation guide\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.svipcat.com\/products\/universal-metal-catalytic-converter-400-cpsi-total-length-250mm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUniversal Metal Catalytic Converter – 400 CPSI, Total Length 250mm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eThis universal metal catalytic converter is designed for weld‑on installation[reference:59]. Professional installation by a qualified exhaust technician is strongly recommended. Follow these step‑by‑step guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e⚠️ Before You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the vehicle is parked on a level surface and securely supported[reference:60].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely before starting work[reference:61].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical shorts[reference:62].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eSpray mounting bolts with penetrating oil a few hours ahead to ease removal[reference:63].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle's official service manual for detailed, model‑specific procedures[reference:64].\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old Catalytic Converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eLocate the existing catalytic converter in the exhaust system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove any heat shields or brackets that may be in the way.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the oxygen sensors (O₂ sensors) from the old converter. Take care not to damage the sensor wiring.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt the flanged connections at both ends of the converter. If the bolts are seized, apply additional penetrating oil and allow it to soak.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCarefully remove the old catalytic converter assembly from the vehicle[reference:65].\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse a wire brush or sandpaper to thoroughly clean any rust, carbon deposits, or old gasket material from the exposed exhaust pipe ends and flanges[reference:66].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMeasure and mark the cutting points on the exhaust pipes to match the new converter's dimensions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCut the pipes as needed using an appropriate cutting tool (e.g., reciprocating saw or exhaust pipe cutter).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr the cut edges to ensure a clean, smooth surface for welding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Position the New Converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the new universal metal catalytic converter in place[reference:67].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the converter is oriented correctly — check for any flow direction arrows marked on the unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConfirm that the converter is properly aligned with the exhaust system and that all hanger brackets align with the vehicle's mounting points[reference:68].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse jack stands to support the converter at the correct height during fitting[reference:69].\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Weld the Converter in Place\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTack weld the converter at multiple points to secure its position before final welding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform full welds around the entire circumference of both the inlet and outlet connections[reference:70].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate welding techniques and filler material (stainless steel wire) to prevent corrosion[reference:71].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the welds to cool slowly to prevent warping or stress fractures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf using clamps instead of welding, ensure all clamps are tightened to the manufacturer's torque specifications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 5: Reinstall Components and Test\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall any heat shields or brackets that were removed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the oxygen sensors to the new converter[reference:72]. Ensure the sensors are properly seated and the wiring is secure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck that all hanger rods are centered in the isolators[reference:73].\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all welded and bolted connections.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach normal operating temperature and verify that the check engine light remains off.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a short test drive to confirm proper function and listen for any unusual noises.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Safety \u0026amp; Compliance Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • All welding must be performed by a qualified technician to maintain the integrity of the exhaust system[reference:74].\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Improper installation may damage the substrate, reduce performance, void the warranty, and create safety hazards.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the replacement converter is the correct type for your vehicle to avoid adverse effects on performance or emission control[reference:75].\u003cbr\u003e\n        • For vehicles registered in California or other CARB-restricted states, verify that the converter meets applicable CARB compliance requirements[reference:76].\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always follow your vehicle manufacturer's service procedures. This guide provides general instructions only[reference:77].\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 原Q8（发货） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 原Q9（联系我们） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 原Q10（地址） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT","offers":[{"title":"Ceramic \/ 50.8 x 50.8 mm \/ (2.0 x 2.0 in) \/ 120 x 110 mm","offer_id":51855035892058,"sku":null,"price":132.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ceramic \/ 50.8 x 50.8 mm \/ (2.0 x 2.0 in) \/ 120 x 120 mm","offer_id":51855035924826,"sku":null,"price":144.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ceramic \/ 63.5 x 63.5 mm \/ (2.5 x 2.5 in) \/ 120 x 110 mm","offer_id":51855036219738,"sku":null,"price":132.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ceramic \/ 63.5 x 63.5 mm \/ (2.5 x 2.5 in) \/ 120 x 120 mm","offer_id":51855036252506,"sku":null,"price":144.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ceramic \/ 76.2 x 76.2 mm \/ (3.0 x 3.0 in) \/ 120 x 110 mm","offer_id":51855036383578,"sku":null,"price":132.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ceramic \/ 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width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车金属DOC催化剂？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel metal DOC catalyst?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003emetal DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)\u003c\/strong\u003e uses a \u003cstrong\u003emetal honeycomb substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e (typically FeCrAl alloy) instead of ceramic as the catalyst carrier. Like ceramic DOC, it is installed in the diesel exhaust system to oxidize harmful gaseous pollutants, but the metal substrate offers distinct advantages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCore Function (same as ceramic DOC):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConverts \u003cstrong\u003eCarbon Monoxide (CO)\u003c\/strong\u003e into CO₂.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConverts \u003cstrong\u003eUnburned Hydrocarbons (HC)\u003c\/strong\u003e into CO₂ and H₂O.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOxidizes \u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003c\/strong\u003e to NO₂ to enable passive DPF regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces diesel exhaust odour.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy metal substrate?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUltra-thin walls\u003c\/strong\u003e (as low as 0.03 mm) allow higher cell densities (up to 1200 CPSI) with lower backpressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh thermal conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e enables faster light‑off (reaches operating temperature 30–45 seconds faster than ceramic).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuperior thermal shock resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e – metal substrates are highly ductile and resist cracking under extreme temperature fluctuations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical strength\u003c\/strong\u003e – more resistant to vibration and impact, ideal for off‑road and heavy‑duty applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightweight\u003c\/strong\u003e – metal substrates are typically 40–50% lighter than equivalent ceramic substrates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShape flexibility\u003c\/strong\u003e – can be manufactured in nearly any shape (oval, racetrack, trapezoidal, etc.) to fit tight packaging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eMetal DOC catalysts are increasingly used in high‑performance, heavy‑duty, and off‑highway diesel applications where durability and fast warm‑up are critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 柴油车DOC的工作原理？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DOC\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DOC works on the principle of \u003cstrong\u003ecatalytic oxidation\u003c\/strong\u003e. The honeycomb substrate is coated with a \"washcoat\" containing precious metal catalysts — typically \u003cstrong\u003ePlatinum (Pt)\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003ePalladium (Pd)\u003c\/strong\u003e — which promote chemical reactions without being consumed themselves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Reactions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCO + ½ O₂ → CO₂\u003c\/strong\u003e (Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHC + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O\u003c\/strong\u003e (Hydrocarbons to CO₂ and Water)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO + ½ O₂ → NO₂\u003c\/strong\u003e (Nitric Oxide to Nitrogen Dioxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperating Conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe DOC becomes active (light‑off) at temperatures around \u003cstrong\u003e200–250°C\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOptimal conversion efficiency (over 90% for CO and HC) is achieved at \u003cstrong\u003e300–450°C\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eExcessive heat above \u003cstrong\u003e650°C\u003c\/strong\u003e can cause thermal degradation of the catalyst coating.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCritical Role in the System:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eBy converting NO to NO₂, the DOC provides the oxidant needed for \u003cstrong\u003epassive DPF regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e, which burns off trapped soot at lower temperatures (around 300–350°C).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIt also protects the downstream SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst from HC and CO poisoning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – DOC涂层的区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between DOC coatings?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference in DOC coatings lies in the \u003cstrong\u003eprecious metal loading\u003c\/strong\u003e (expressed in grams per cubic foot — g\/cft) and the \u003cstrong\u003ePt:Pd ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e. Higher loadings and specific ratios are required to meet stricter emission standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePrecious Metal Loading\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePt:Pd Ratio\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e20 g\/cft\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4:1\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e40 g\/cft\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4:1\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExplanation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e requires \u003cstrong\u003e20 g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (20 grams of precious metals per cubic foot of substrate volume) to achieve the required CO and HC conversion efficiency under the NEDC test cycle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e requires a higher loading of \u003cstrong\u003e40 g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (40 grams per cubic foot) to meet the stricter real‑driving emission (RDE) requirements, ensuring the DOC remains effective over a wider range of operating conditions and throughout its lifetime.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e4:1 Pt:Pd ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e is a common formulation that balances cost (palladium is less expensive than platinum) while maintaining high oxidation activity and sulfur tolerance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eHigher loadings provide better durability, more consistent performance under variable temperatures, and longer service life — which is why Euro 6 demands twice the loading of Euro 5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 金属DOC和陶瓷DOC催化剂的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between metal DOC and ceramic DOC?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth metal and ceramic DOC catalysts serve the same purpose — oxidising CO, HC, and NO. However, they differ significantly in substrate material and performance characteristics. The table below summarizes the key differences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMetal DOC\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCeramic DOC\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFeCrAl alloy (ferritic stainless steel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite (2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWall Thickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.03 – 0.10 mm (very thin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.10 – 0.20 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCell Density (CPSI)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e100 – 1200 CPSI (wider range)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e100 – 600 CPSI (limited)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (100–200× faster than ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–3 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLight‑off Time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFaster (30–45 seconds)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSlower (2–3 minutes)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackpressure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (due to thinner walls)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (resists vibration and impact)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eBrittle (prone to cracking)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood but limited\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight (800–1200 g)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavier (1500–2000 g)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShape Flexibility\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (any shape possible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited (round\/oval only)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerformance, heavy‑duty, off‑highway\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, standard OEM\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaways:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal DOC\u003c\/strong\u003e is preferred where fast warm‑up, low backpressure, and durability are critical — such as high‑performance engines, off‑road vehicles, and applications with frequent thermal cycling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeramic DOC\u003c\/strong\u003e is more cost‑effective and performs well in standard passenger car applications with stable operating conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe choice between metal and ceramic depends on your specific application requirements, budget, and emission targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 排放标准和CPSI的区别（修改） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e Emission standards and CPSI differences\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe following are our suggested reference rates. If you are unsure, please contact our staff.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20g\/cft 400-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30g\/cft 300-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40g\/cft 200-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30g\/cft 300-500cpsi = Euro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40g\/cft 200-500cpsi = Euro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eThese combinations of precious metal loading (g\/cft) and cell density (CPSI) are typical benchmarks for achieving the specified Euro emission standard. The actual performance may vary depending on engine calibration, exhaust temperature profile, and other system components. For tailored recommendations, please consult our technical team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 质保：1年 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e Warranty policy: 1 year\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe offer a \u003cstrong\u003e1‑year warranty\u003c\/strong\u003e on our ceramic DOC products from the date of purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eManufacturing defects in the ceramic substrate, such as cracks, broken walls, or structural failures that occur under normal use.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCoating integrity for coated DOC (flaking or detachment of the washcoat).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is NOT covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDamage caused by improper installation (e.g., over‑torquing, incorrect orientation, or physical impact).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEngine‑related issues (misfires, excessive oil consumption, or incorrect air‑fuel mixture) that lead to overheating or clogging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFuel contamination (high‑sulfur fuel, biodiesel impurities, or additives that poison the catalyst).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThermal degradation due to sustained exhaust temperatures above 650°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eNormal wear and tear or soot loading beyond the filter's capacity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClaim procedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e To make a warranty claim, please contact our support team with your order number, installation records, and clear photos of the defect. We will review each case individually.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe recommend professional installation and regular maintenance to ensure the DOC operates within its design parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 金属DOC催化剂的安装指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for metal DOC catalysts\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eInstalling a metal DOC catalyst requires careful attention to both mechanical and thermal factors. Metal substrates are more forgiving than ceramic in terms of brittleness, but they still need proper handling. Follow these guidelines for a successful installation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMounting Position:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe DOC must be installed \u003cstrong\u003eas close as possible to the engine\u003c\/strong\u003e (typically after the turbocharger) to ensure fast light‑off.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIt should be positioned \u003cstrong\u003ebefore the DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003ebefore the SCR\u003c\/strong\u003e (if equipped).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the flow direction arrow points toward the rear of the vehicle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Support \u0026amp; Housing:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMetal substrates are less brittle than ceramic, but still require secure mounting to prevent fatigue failure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate metal cans, mounting mats (if required), and brackets. Metal substrates often use a \u003cstrong\u003ewelded or brazed\u003c\/strong\u003e attachment to the housing, which provides excellent durability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the housing allows for thermal expansion — metal substrates expand more than ceramic, so adequate clearance is necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse high‑temperature gaskets and sealing materials to prevent exhaust gas bypass.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExhaust Pipe Preparation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThoroughly clean the pipe ends to remove rust, carbon, and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf welding is required, use \u003cstrong\u003estainless steel filler material\u003c\/strong\u003e compatible with the exhaust material (typically 304 or 409 stainless).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFit new gaskets on all flanged connections — never reuse old gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWelding Considerations (for weld‑on units):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMetal DOC substrates can withstand higher welding temperatures than ceramic, but avoid excessive heat input to prevent distortion of the thin metal foils.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse \u003cstrong\u003eTIG or MIG welding\u003c\/strong\u003e with appropriate settings. Tack‑weld in several positions before final welding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the welds to cool slowly to avoid thermal stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensor Connections:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf the DOC has integrated temperature sensors or NOx sensors, ensure they are correctly connected to the ECU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRoute sensor wiring away from hot exhaust components and moving parts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost‑Installation Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all connections.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DOC's performance via diagnostic tools (exhaust gas temperature, backpressure, and NOx\/CO readings).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a test drive under various load conditions to confirm the catalyst reaches light‑off temperature and operates correctly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Metal substrates are highly durable but can still be damaged by excessive heat (\u0026gt;950°C) — ensure proper engine tuning.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel (\u0026gt; 500 ppm), as these will poison the catalyst.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is in good mechanical condition (no misfires, no excessive oil consumption) before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • If the vehicle has a DPF, ensure the DOC is correctly positioned upstream to allow proper passive regeneration.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • We strongly recommend professional installation by a certified diesel exhaust technician.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"148x65mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":53999503311194,"sku":null,"price":89.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709237082,"sku":null,"price":90.53,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709269850,"sku":null,"price":91.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709302618,"sku":null,"price":92.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436709335386,"sku":null,"price":121.33,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709368154,"sku":null,"price":122.27,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709400922,"sku":null,"price":123.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709433690,"sku":null,"price":124.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436709466458,"sku":null,"price":151.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709499226,"sku":null,"price":152.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709531994,"sku":null,"price":153.07,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x65mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709564762,"sku":null,"price":154.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":53999515599194,"sku":null,"price":116.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709597530,"sku":null,"price":118.02,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709630298,"sku":null,"price":119.23,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709663066,"sku":null,"price":120.45,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436709695834,"sku":null,"price":158.17,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709728602,"sku":null,"price":159.38,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709761370,"sku":null,"price":160.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709794138,"sku":null,"price":161.82,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436709826906,"sku":null,"price":197.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709859674,"sku":null,"price":198.32,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436709892442,"sku":null,"price":199.53,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x85mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436709925210,"sku":null,"price":200.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436709957978,"sku":null,"price":137.6,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436709990746,"sku":null,"price":139.03,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436710023514,"sku":null,"price":140.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436710056282,"sku":null,"price":141.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436710089050,"sku":null,"price":186.33,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436710121818,"sku":null,"price":187.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436710154586,"sku":null,"price":189.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436710187354,"sku":null,"price":190.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54436710220122,"sku":null,"price":232.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54436710252890,"sku":null,"price":233.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54436710285658,"sku":null,"price":235.07,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"148x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54436710318426,"sku":null,"price":236.5,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_d5c00568-fec7-4b3c-b713-67aff094043d.jpg?v=1784281545"},{"product_id":"scr-asc-diesel-catalyst-330mm","title":"SCR Diesel Catalyst 330mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车SCR？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel SCR system?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced exhaust after‑treatment system used in diesel vehicles to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e) emissions. It works by injecting a urea‑based solution (AdBlue \/ DEF) into the exhaust stream, which decomposes into ammonia (NH₃). The NH₃ then reacts with NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e over a catalyst to produce harmless nitrogen (N₂) and water (H₂O).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey components of an SCR system:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea tank\u003c\/strong\u003e – stores the AdBlue\/DEF fluid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea dosing module\u003c\/strong\u003e – injects the precise amount of urea into the exhaust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSCR catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e – the ceramic substrate (coated with vanadium, copper, or iron‑based zeolite) where the chemical reduction takes place.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors\u003c\/strong\u003e – placed upstream and downstream to monitor system performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature sensors\u003c\/strong\u003e – ensure optimal operating conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR systems are essential for meeting Euro 4, 5, 6, and beyond emission standards for heavy‑duty and light‑duty diesel engines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – SCR涂钒\/铜\/铁分子筛的区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between vanadium, copper‑zeolite, and iron‑zeolite SCR coatings?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR catalysts are classified by the active metal used in the coating. The three main types are \u003cstrong\u003evanadium‑based\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ecopper‑zeolite (Cu‑zeolite)\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eiron‑zeolite (Fe‑zeolite)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each has distinct characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVanadium‑based\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCopper‑Zeolite (Cu)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eIron‑Zeolite (Fe)\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive metal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCopper (Cu) exchanged in zeolite\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eIron (Fe) exchanged in zeolite\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperating temperature range\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e250°C – 450°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e180°C – 500°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e250°C – 600°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow‑temperature activity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent (active below 200°C)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh‑temperature durability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited above 450°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood up to 650°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent up to 700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSulfur tolerance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate (sulfur‑sensitive)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrothermal ageing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSusceptible at high temp\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood durability\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent durability\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMedium\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMedium‑High\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder Euro 4\/5 systems\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6 light‑duty and heavy‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6 heavy‑duty, high‑load applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection guide:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cu‑zeolite is preferred for cold‑start and low‑load conditions; Fe‑zeolite is better for high‑temperature, high‑load operation; vanadium is cost‑effective for less demanding applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – SCR的工作原理？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of SCR\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe SCR system operates through a series of chemical reactions that convert NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e into harmless nitrogen and water. The process can be summarized in the following steps:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea injection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Aqueous urea (AdBlue \/ DEF) is sprayed into the exhaust stream upstream of the SCR catalyst. The heat of the exhaust causes urea to decompose:\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cul\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003eCO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O → 2 NH₃ + CO₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The released ammonia (NH₃) reacts with NO and NO₂ over the catalyst surface:\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cul\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStandard SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4 NO + 4 NH₃ + O₂ → 4 N₂ + 6 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFast SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e NO + NO₂ + 2 NH₃ → 2 N₂ + 3 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlow SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 NO₂ + 8 NH₃ → 7 N₂ + 12 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAmmonia slip control:\u003c\/strong\u003e An ASC (Ammonia Slip Catalyst) at the outlet oxidises any excess NH₃ that passes through, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe \"fast SCR\" reaction (NO + NO₂) is the most efficient and occurs readily when the upstream DOC has converted about 50% of NO to NO₂. The system relies on a precise urea dosing strategy based on engine operating conditions and NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensor feedback to achieve \u0026gt; 90% conversion efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – SCR载体能否单独更换，还是需要整体总成更换？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Can the SCR substrate be replaced separately, or does the entire assembly need replacing?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn most modern vehicles, the SCR catalyst is integrated into a welded metal canister and cannot be replaced as a standalone substrate.\u003c\/strong\u003e The entire assembly (including the housing, sensors, and mounting brackets) must be replaced as a unit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReasons why separate substrate replacement is not recommended:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWelded construction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The ceramic substrate is permanently sealed inside the metal can with mounting mats. Cutting it open risks damaging the fragile ceramic and compromising the seal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrecision fit:\u003c\/strong\u003e The substrate is precisely sized to the housing; an aftermarket substrate may not fit correctly, leading to exhaust gas bypass and reduced efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSensor calibration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The new assembly includes the correct sensor locations and mounting points; a modified housing may not align properly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWarranty and compliance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Replacing only the substrate would void any emissions compliance certification and may trigger OBD fault codes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eException:\u003c\/strong\u003e In some heavy‑duty and off‑highway applications, the SCR cartridge is designed to be serviceable and the substrate can be replaced individually. However, this is manufacturer‑specific and requires specialised tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eFor most vehicles, we strongly recommend replacing the \u003cstrong\u003ecomplete SCR catalytic converter assembly\u003c\/strong\u003e to ensure proper fit, function, and emissions compliance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 使用劣质尿素会对SCR催化转化器造成什么损伤？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What damage does low‑quality urea cause to the SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eUsing low‑quality or non‑compliant urea (AdBlue\/DEF) can cause severe and irreversible damage to the SCR system. The main risks include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalyst poisoning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Impurities such as heavy metals (copper, zinc, chromium) and alkali metals (sodium, potassium) accumulate on the active sites of the SCR catalyst, permanently reducing its NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDeposit formation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low‑quality urea often contains aldehydes and biuret, which form solid deposits (melamine and cyanuric acid) inside the catalyst and on the injector. These deposits clog the channels, increase backpressure, and reduce exhaust flow.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInjector damage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Impurities in the urea can cause the dosing injector nozzle to block or stick, leading to over‑dosing or under‑dosing of urea, which affects SCR performance and may trigger OBD fault codes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCorrosion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Urea with incorrect pH levels can corrode internal components such as the injector, piping, and even the catalyst housing over time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePremature ageing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The chemical impurities accelerate the thermal degradation of the catalyst coating, especially under high‑temperature regeneration events.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eTo avoid these issues, always use urea fluid that meets the \u003cstrong\u003eISO 22241\u003c\/strong\u003e standard (DIN 70070 \/ AUS 32) and purchase from reputable suppliers. The cost of repairing a poisoned SCR system far exceeds the savings from buying cheap urea.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – SCR催化剂中毒是什么意思，中毒后可以清洗修复吗 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e What does SCR catalyst poisoning mean? Can it be cleaned and restored?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCR catalyst poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the accumulation of contaminants on the catalyst surface that block the active sites and prevent the chemical reduction reactions from occurring. Common poisons include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSulfur (S):\u003c\/strong\u003e From high‑sulfur diesel fuel, forming sulfates that cover the catalyst surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhosphorus (P):\u003c\/strong\u003e From engine oil additives, particularly zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), which forms phosphates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlkali metals (Na, K):\u003c\/strong\u003e From certain fuel additives, dust, or contaminated urea.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHeavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr):\u003c\/strong\u003e From fuel contamination or engine wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarbon deposits (soot):\u003c\/strong\u003e Excessive soot accumulation due to poorly regenerated DPF upstream.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCan poisoned SCR catalysts be cleaned and restored?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e – occasionally, running the vehicle at high load for an extended period can burn off carbon deposits and some sulfur compounds. However, this only works for light poisoning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical washing\u003c\/strong\u003e – some aftermarket services offer SCR flushing with specialised solvents. However, results are inconsistent, and the process risks damaging the fragile ceramic substrate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSevere poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e – when the catalyst has been contaminated with heavy metals or phosphates, the damage is \u003cstrong\u003epermanent and irreversible\u003c\/strong\u003e. The catalyst coating cannot be restored. The only solution is to replace the SCR assembly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommendation:\u003c\/strong\u003e If the SCR efficiency has dropped below 80% and diagnostic trouble codes (P20xx series) are present, replacement is usually the only reliable fix. Cleaning should only be attempted under professional guidance and with the understanding that it may not be effective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 新更换SCR催化转化器之后，车辆需要做什么操作？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e What procedures are needed after replacing the SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eAfter installing a new SCR catalytic converter, the following procedures should be carried out to ensure proper operation and OBD compliance:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReset the ECU:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a diagnostic tool (e.g., J2534 or manufacturer‑specific software) to clear any old fault codes and reset the SCR adaptation values. This tells the ECU that a new catalyst has been installed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePerform an SCR re‑learn \/ adaptation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Many vehicles require a \"SCR catalyst learn\" procedure to calibrate the NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors and urea dosing parameters for the new component. This may involve driving at a steady speed or performing a stationary regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrime the urea dosing system:\u003c\/strong\u003e The urea pump and injector lines need to be primed with fresh AdBlue\/DEF to remove any air pockets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCheck for leaks:\u003c\/strong\u003e Inspect all urea connections and exhaust joints for leaks after installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTest drive:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drive the vehicle under various load conditions (city, highway, uphill) to allow the SCR to reach operating temperature and to complete the OBD monitor readiness cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVerify with diagnostic tool:\u003c\/strong\u003e After the test drive, re‑scan the system to confirm that the SCR efficiency monitor has passed and that no new fault codes have appeared.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Failure to perform the re‑learn procedure may result in persistent fault codes, reduced NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion, and even failed emissions tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – SCR催化器堵塞常见是什么原因？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are the common causes of SCR catalyst blockage?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR catalyst blockage (increased backpressure) can occur due to several reasons. The most common causes are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea deposit formation (crystallisation):\u003c\/strong\u003e When urea is not fully decomposed due to low exhaust temperatures or poor atomisation, it forms solid deposits of melamine and cyanuric acid inside the catalyst channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSoot accumulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e If the upstream DPF is failing or regeneration is incomplete, excessive soot particles pass through and accumulate on the SCR catalyst, blocking the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAsh buildup:\u003c\/strong\u003e Metallic ash from engine oil additives (especially zinc and calcium) accumulates in the SCR over time, reducing the available surface area and increasing backpressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePoor urea quality:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low‑quality urea contains impurities (biuret, aldehydes) that form solid precipitates at high temperatures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFaulty urea injector:\u003c\/strong\u003e A dripping or stuck‑open injector leads to over‑dosing, causing excess urea to crystallise inside the catalyst.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLeaking turbocharger oil seals:\u003c\/strong\u003e Oil contamination can cause sticky deposits that block the catalyst channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use ISO 22241‑compliant urea, maintain the engine and DPF in good condition, and avoid short trips that prevent the SCR from reaching regeneration temperature. Regular inspections of the urea injector and dosing system are also recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – SCR催化转化器失效后车辆会出现哪些故障现象？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e What are the symptoms of a failed SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWhen an SCR catalytic converter fails or its efficiency drops significantly, the vehicle will typically exhibit one or more of the following symptoms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCheck Engine Light (MIL) illuminated:\u003c\/strong\u003e The ECU will detect reduced NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency (e.g., P0420, P20E8, P20EE codes) and turn on the warning light.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduced engine power (Derate):\u003c\/strong\u003e Many vehicles enter a \"limp mode\" or reduced power mode when SCR faults are detected, limiting vehicle speed and performance to protect the engine and encourage repair.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIncreased fuel consumption:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine management system may adjust injection timing and air‑fuel ratio to compensate for the loss of SCR efficiency, increasing fuel consumption.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExcessive white smoke or ammonia smell:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ammonia slip may occur if the SCR cannot convert NH₃ effectively, leading to a pungent odour and visible white smoke from the exhaust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFailed emission test:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vehicle will fail mandatory emissions inspections or roadside checks due to excessive NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh exhaust backpressure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blockage causes a noticeable loss of power, reduced turbo response, and increased exhaust gas temperature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration frequency increase:\u003c\/strong\u003e The DPF may regenerate more often as the ECU tries to compensate for the SCR's poor performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you notice any of these symptoms, we recommend performing a diagnostic scan immediately. Continuing to drive with a failed SCR can lead to damage to other components, including the DPF and turbocharger.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 如何联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 76mm","offer_id":54463629721946,"sku":null,"price":66.44,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 100mm","offer_id":54463629754714,"sku":null,"price":87.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 127mm","offer_id":54026659529050,"sku":null,"price":111.01,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 142mm","offer_id":54463629787482,"sku":null,"price":124.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 152mm","offer_id":54026659561818,"sku":null,"price":132.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 330 x 178mm","offer_id":54463629820250,"sku":null,"price":155.58,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 76mm","offer_id":54463629853018,"sku":null,"price":87.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 100mm","offer_id":54463629885786,"sku":null,"price":114.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 127mm","offer_id":54026659660122,"sku":null,"price":145.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 142mm","offer_id":54463629918554,"sku":null,"price":162.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 152mm","offer_id":54026659692890,"sku":null,"price":174.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 178mm","offer_id":54463629951322,"sku":null,"price":204.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 76mm","offer_id":54463629984090,"sku":null,"price":81.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 100mm","offer_id":54463630016858,"sku":null,"price":107.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 127mm","offer_id":54463630049626,"sku":null,"price":136.11,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 142mm","offer_id":54463630082394,"sku":null,"price":152.15,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 152mm","offer_id":54463630115162,"sku":null,"price":162.81,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 330 x 178mm","offer_id":54463630147930,"sku":null,"price":190.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_d40e9acd-a713-4bb5-bf87-cf5c65aaaba3.jpg?v=1784789934"},{"product_id":"poc-catalytic-converter-for-gasoline-cars-diameter-136mm","title":"POC Catalytic Converter for Gasoline Cars Diameter 136mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 金属载体材质说明 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e Metal substrate material specifications\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eMetal honeycomb substrates are manufactured in nearly 10,000 specifications and support full non‑standard customization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHousing materials:\u003c\/strong\u003e 316L, 304, 444, 441 (or customer‑specified).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCore material:\u003c\/strong\u003e FeCr21Al6 (ferritic stainless steel).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier outer diameter:\u003c\/strong\u003e 12 – 960 mm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHeight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9 – 150 mm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell density (CPSI):\u003c\/strong\u003e 5 – 1200 cpsi.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShell wall thickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.5 – 3.0 mm (shell‑less option available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCore wall thickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.03 – 0.18 mm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInternal core configuration:\u003c\/strong\u003e single core, S‑core, or three‑core.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAvailable shapes:\u003c\/strong\u003e cylindrical, rectangular, square, racetrack (oval), elliptical, trapezoidal, pentagonal, pear‑shaped.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThese substrates offer extreme design flexibility to match virtually any exhaust system requirement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 金属POC催化剂工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of metal POC catalyst\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePOC\u003c\/strong\u003e stands for \u003cstrong\u003eParticulate Oxidation Catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e . A metal POC catalyst is an exhaust after‑treatment device designed to capture and oxidize particulate matter (PM) from engine exhaust.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorking Principle:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapture \u0026amp; Storage:\u003c\/strong\u003e As exhaust gases pass through the metal honeycomb substrate, particulate matter (soot and carbon particles) is physically captured and stored on the catalyst surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e The captured particles are then oxidized (burned off) at temperatures between \u003cstrong\u003e250°C – 500°C\u003c\/strong\u003e through a catalytic reaction. The precious metal coating (platinum, palladium) on the metal substrate lowers the ignition temperature of the soot, allowing continuous passive regeneration during normal driving conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow‑Through Design:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) which can become blocked, the POC uses an open flow‑through channel structure that allows exhaust gases to pass even when the PM storage capacity is saturated. This design minimizes backpressure while still achieving \u003cstrong\u003eup to 60% particle reduction\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e80–90% HC and CO conversion\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMetal Substrate Advantages for POC:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFaster light‑off:\u003c\/strong\u003e Metal substrates have higher thermal conductivity, reaching operating temperature more quickly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuperior durability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Metal substrates resist thermal shock and vibration better than ceramic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigher cell density options:\u003c\/strong\u003e Allows for greater surface area and improved particle capture efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLower backpressure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thinner walls reduce exhaust restriction compared to ceramic substrates of equivalent volume.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 什么是金属POC --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e What is a metal POC?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003emetal POC (Particulate Oxidation Catalyst)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a catalytic converter that uses a \u003cstrong\u003emetal honeycomb substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e (rather than ceramic) to capture and oxidize particulate matter from engine exhaust.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Characteristics:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSubstrate Material:\u003c\/strong\u003e FeCrAl alloy (ferritic stainless steel) with a corrugated or sinusoidal channel structure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating:\u003c\/strong\u003e Coated with a washcoat containing precious metals (platinum, palladium) and promoters (ceria, alumina) that enable the oxidation of captured particles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDesign:\u003c\/strong\u003e The metal foil is rolled or stacked to create a honeycomb structure with thin walls (as low as 0.03 mm) and high cell densities (up to 1200 CPSI).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow‑Through vs. Wall‑Flow:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unlike a DPF which uses a wall‑flow design that can clog, a POC uses an open flow‑through design that allows exhaust to pass even when saturated.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow it differs from a traditional three‑way catalytic converter:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ethree‑way catalyst (TWC)\u003c\/strong\u003e primarily converts gaseous pollutants (CO, HC, NOx) through chemical reactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ePOC\u003c\/strong\u003e specifically targets \u003cstrong\u003eparticulate matter (soot)\u003c\/strong\u003e, capturing it and burning it off through catalytic oxidation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMany modern vehicles use both: a TWC for gaseous emissions and a POC or GPF (Gasoline Particulate Filter) for particulate control.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eMetal POC catalysts are commonly used in \u003cstrong\u003egasoline direct injection (GDI)\u003c\/strong\u003e engines and \u003cstrong\u003ediesel\u003c\/strong\u003e applications to meet Euro 4, Euro 5, and Euro 6 particulate emission standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 新增：3g\/cft和5g\/cft对应标准 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e What standards do 3g\/cft and 5g\/cft correspond to?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e5g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e refer to the precious metal loading (typically platinum, palladium, and rhodium) in the catalytic converter, measured in \u003cstrong\u003egrams per cubic foot\u003c\/strong\u003e of substrate volume.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eThese loadings are directly linked to emission standards:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e – requires a catalyst with \u003cstrong\u003e3g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (3 grams of precious metals per cubic foot) to achieve the required conversion efficiency for HC, CO, and NOx.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e – requires a higher loading of \u003cstrong\u003e5g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (5 grams per cubic foot) to meet the stricter emission limits, especially for NOx and particulate matter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eIn general, higher g\/cft values provide better catalytic activity and durability, allowing the converter to maintain performance over a longer period and under more demanding conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy this matters to you:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf your vehicle needs to comply with Euro 5 standards, a 3g\/cft converter is sufficient.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf your vehicle must meet Euro 6 (or higher) standards, you will need a 5g\/cft or even higher loading converter to ensure proper emissions control.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAlways check your vehicle's emission certification level before selecting a replacement converter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 汽油车金属POC的作用（原Q4，现改为Q5） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is the function of a metal POC for gasoline vehicles?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA metal POC (Particulate Oxidation Catalyst) for gasoline vehicles serves several critical functions in the exhaust after‑treatment system:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eParticulate Matter (PM) Reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Captures and oxidizes soot particles from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. GDI engines produce more particulate emissions than traditional port‑fuel‑injected engines, and the POC helps reduce these emissions to meet Euro 6 particle number (PN) limits.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e The catalytic coating on the metal substrate oxidizes unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into CO₂ and H₂O, achieving \u003cstrong\u003e80–90% conversion efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive Regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e During normal driving, exhaust temperatures (250°C–500°C) are sufficient to oxidize the captured soot, continuously regenerating the catalyst without the need for active regeneration cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduced Backpressure:\u003c\/strong\u003e The open flow‑through design of the metal POC minimizes exhaust backpressure compared to wall‑flow filters, preserving engine performance and fuel economy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy use a metal POC on a gasoline vehicle?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6 compliance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Euro 6 emission standards introduced a particle number (PN) limit for gasoline vehicles. A POC helps GDI engines meet these requirements.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCost‑effective alternative to GPF:\u003c\/strong\u003e A POC is often more affordable and less restrictive than a full Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDurability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The metal substrate is more resistant to thermal shock and vibration than ceramic, making it ideal for high‑performance and modified vehicles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompact design:\u003c\/strong\u003e Metal POC catalysts can be made with thinner walls and higher cell densities, allowing for smaller, more efficient packaging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Installation Location:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n      A metal POC is typically installed \u003cstrong\u003edownstream of the three‑way catalytic converter (TWC)\u003c\/strong\u003e but \u003cstrong\u003eupstream of the muffler\u003c\/strong\u003e. This allows the POC to benefit from the heat of the exhaust gases while providing additional particulate control after the primary gaseous emission treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 质保（1年，不包括公里数，原Q5，现改为Q6） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e What is your warranty policy?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur warranty policy for catalytic converter products is as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeramic Muffler Cores\u003c\/strong\u003e — No warranty provided. These are mechanical components subject to wear and external factors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Converter Substrates (Ceramic or Metal)\u003c\/strong\u003e — Covered by a \u003cstrong\u003e1‑year warranty\u003c\/strong\u003e against manufacturing defects. This warranty covers the substrate structure and catalytic coating integrity under normal use conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note:\u003c\/strong\u003e This warranty is based on \u003cstrong\u003etime only (1 year from the date of purchase)\u003c\/strong\u003e and does not include any mileage or kilometer limitation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe warranty does not cover damage caused by:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eImproper installation\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEngine misfire or mechanical issues\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse of leaded or low‑quality fuel\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePhysical impact damage\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eContamination from oil or coolant\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOverheating due to incorrect tuning or modified engines\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003ePlease retain your purchase receipt and installation records for any warranty claims. If you have any questions about warranty coverage, please contact our support team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 金属催化剂安装指南（通用，原Q6，现改为Q7） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for metal catalytic converters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis guide covers the general installation procedure for metal substrate catalytic converters (both universal and shell‑type units). Professional installation by a qualified exhaust technician is strongly recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e⚠️ Before You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level, solid surface and use jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely – catalytic converters retain heat for a long time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eApply penetrating oil to all bolts and nuts at least a few hours in advance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConsult your vehicle's service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old Catalytic Converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRaise the vehicle and secure it safely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields, braces, or underbody covers that block access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug the upstream and downstream oxygen sensors (O₂ sensors) and carefully unscrew them from the old converter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt the flanged connections at the inlet and outlet. If the converter is welded, cut the pipes at the appropriate points using a reciprocating saw or exhaust pipe cutter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove the old converter assembly from the vehicle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends thoroughly with a wire brush to remove rust, carbon, and old gasket material.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf cut, deburr the edges to ensure a smooth surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck the pipe diameter and roundness; use an expander if needed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFit new gaskets on both flanges (never reuse old gaskets).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Position and Install the New Metal Converter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePlace the new converter in the exhaust system, ensuring the flow direction arrow points toward the rear of the vehicle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAlign the inlet and outlet pipes with the flanges or cut ends.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor bolt‑on converters:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003eInsert new bolts and nuts, apply high‑temperature anti‑seize, and torque to the manufacturer's specification (usually 30–45 Nm).\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003eTighten in a cross‑pattern to avoid warping.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on converters:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003eTack‑weld in several places to hold position.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003eVerify alignment and weld fully around both joints using stainless steel wire (for stainless exhausts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003eAllow the welds to cool slowly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor clamp‑on connections, slide the clamp over the joint and tighten to the recommended torque.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Reinstall Oxygen Sensors and Other Components\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eApply a small amount of anti‑seize to the sensor threads (avoid the sensor tip).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eScrew the O₂ sensors into their bungs on the new converter and torque to 30–45 Nm.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the sensor wiring securely and route it away from heat sources.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall all heat shields, brackets, and underbody covers removed earlier.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 5: Test the Installation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and let it idle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck for exhaust leaks around all joints (listen for hissing, feel for escaping gases, or use soapy water spray).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach normal operating temperature (the converter needs ~300°C to begin working).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eVerify that the check engine light does not appear. If it does, use an OBD‑II scanner to read codes; common issues include O₂ sensor problems or catalyst inefficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a 10‑15 minute test drive and re‑inspect all connections after the system has cooled.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Metal substrates can be damaged by excessive heat – ensure proper fuel mixture and ignition timing to avoid meltdown.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the correct type of converter for your engine size and power output.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • For high‑flow performance converters, ECU tuning may be required to prevent error codes.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • In some areas, replacing a converter with a non‑OEM unit may be illegal – check local emissions laws beforehand.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • If you are not experienced with exhaust system work, we strongly recommend using a professional shop.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（原Q7，现改为Q8） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（原Q8，现改为Q9） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（原Q9，现改为Q10） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"136x100mm \/ 3g\/cft","offer_id":54431309594970,"sku":null,"price":41.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"136x100mm \/ 5g\/cft","offer_id":54431309627738,"sku":null,"price":51.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_161f279c-951c-4e54-a73f-74cbcf7d129e.jpg?v=1784165908"},{"product_id":"metal-doc-293mm","title":"Metal DOC 293mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车金属DOC催化剂？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel metal DOC catalyst?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003emetal DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst)\u003c\/strong\u003e uses a \u003cstrong\u003emetal honeycomb substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e (typically FeCrAl alloy) instead of ceramic as the catalyst carrier. Like ceramic DOC, it is installed in the diesel exhaust system to oxidize harmful gaseous pollutants, but the metal substrate offers distinct advantages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCore Function (same as ceramic DOC):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConverts \u003cstrong\u003eCarbon Monoxide (CO)\u003c\/strong\u003e into CO₂.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eConverts \u003cstrong\u003eUnburned Hydrocarbons (HC)\u003c\/strong\u003e into CO₂ and H₂O.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOxidizes \u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003c\/strong\u003e to NO₂ to enable passive DPF regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces diesel exhaust odour.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy metal substrate?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUltra-thin walls\u003c\/strong\u003e (as low as 0.03 mm) allow higher cell densities (up to 1200 CPSI) with lower backpressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh thermal conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e enables faster light‑off (reaches operating temperature 30–45 seconds faster than ceramic).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSuperior thermal shock resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e – metal substrates are highly ductile and resist cracking under extreme temperature fluctuations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical strength\u003c\/strong\u003e – more resistant to vibration and impact, ideal for off‑road and heavy‑duty applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLightweight\u003c\/strong\u003e – metal substrates are typically 40–50% lighter than equivalent ceramic substrates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShape flexibility\u003c\/strong\u003e – can be manufactured in nearly any shape (oval, racetrack, trapezoidal, etc.) to fit tight packaging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eMetal DOC catalysts are increasingly used in high‑performance, heavy‑duty, and off‑highway diesel applications where durability and fast warm‑up are critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 柴油车DOC的工作原理？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DOC\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DOC works on the principle of \u003cstrong\u003ecatalytic oxidation\u003c\/strong\u003e. The honeycomb substrate is coated with a \"washcoat\" containing precious metal catalysts — typically \u003cstrong\u003ePlatinum (Pt)\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003ePalladium (Pd)\u003c\/strong\u003e — which promote chemical reactions without being consumed themselves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Reactions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCO + ½ O₂ → CO₂\u003c\/strong\u003e (Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHC + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O\u003c\/strong\u003e (Hydrocarbons to CO₂ and Water)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO + ½ O₂ → NO₂\u003c\/strong\u003e (Nitric Oxide to Nitrogen Dioxide)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperating Conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe DOC becomes active (light‑off) at temperatures around \u003cstrong\u003e200–250°C\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOptimal conversion efficiency (over 90% for CO and HC) is achieved at \u003cstrong\u003e300–450°C\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eExcessive heat above \u003cstrong\u003e650°C\u003c\/strong\u003e can cause thermal degradation of the catalyst coating.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCritical Role in the System:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eBy converting NO to NO₂, the DOC provides the oxidant needed for \u003cstrong\u003epassive DPF regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e, which burns off trapped soot at lower temperatures (around 300–350°C).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIt also protects the downstream SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst from HC and CO poisoning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – DOC涂层的区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between DOC coatings?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference in DOC coatings lies in the \u003cstrong\u003eprecious metal loading\u003c\/strong\u003e (expressed in grams per cubic foot — g\/cft) and the \u003cstrong\u003ePt:Pd ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e. Higher loadings and specific ratios are required to meet stricter emission standards.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePrecious Metal Loading\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePt:Pd Ratio\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e20 g\/cft\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4:1\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e40 g\/cft\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4:1\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExplanation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e requires \u003cstrong\u003e20 g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (20 grams of precious metals per cubic foot of substrate volume) to achieve the required CO and HC conversion efficiency under the NEDC test cycle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEuro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e requires a higher loading of \u003cstrong\u003e40 g\/cft\u003c\/strong\u003e (40 grams per cubic foot) to meet the stricter real‑driving emission (RDE) requirements, ensuring the DOC remains effective over a wider range of operating conditions and throughout its lifetime.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003e4:1 Pt:Pd ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e is a common formulation that balances cost (palladium is less expensive than platinum) while maintaining high oxidation activity and sulfur tolerance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eHigher loadings provide better durability, more consistent performance under variable temperatures, and longer service life — which is why Euro 6 demands twice the loading of Euro 5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 金属DOC和陶瓷DOC催化剂的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between metal DOC and ceramic DOC?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth metal and ceramic DOC catalysts serve the same purpose — oxidising CO, HC, and NO. However, they differ significantly in substrate material and performance characteristics. The table below summarizes the key differences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMetal DOC\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCeramic DOC\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFeCrAl alloy (ferritic stainless steel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite (2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWall Thickness\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.03 – 0.10 mm (very thin)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.10 – 0.20 mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCell Density (CPSI)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e100 – 1200 CPSI (wider range)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e100 – 600 CPSI (limited)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (100–200× faster than ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–3 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLight‑off Time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFaster (30–45 seconds)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSlower (2–3 minutes)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackpressure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (due to thinner walls)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Strength\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (resists vibration and impact)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eBrittle (prone to cracking)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood but limited\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight (800–1200 g)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavier (1500–2000 g)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShape Flexibility\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (any shape possible)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited (round\/oval only)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerformance, heavy‑duty, off‑highway\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, standard OEM\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaways:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMetal DOC\u003c\/strong\u003e is preferred where fast warm‑up, low backpressure, and durability are critical — such as high‑performance engines, off‑road vehicles, and applications with frequent thermal cycling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeramic DOC\u003c\/strong\u003e is more cost‑effective and performs well in standard passenger car applications with stable operating conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe choice between metal and ceramic depends on your specific application requirements, budget, and emission targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 排放标准和CPSI的区别（修改） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e Emission standards and CPSI differences\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe following are our suggested reference rates. If you are unsure, please contact our staff.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20g\/cft 400-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30g\/cft 300-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40g\/cft 200-500cpsi = Euro 5\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e30g\/cft 300-500cpsi = Euro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40g\/cft 200-500cpsi = Euro 6\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eThese combinations of precious metal loading (g\/cft) and cell density (CPSI) are typical benchmarks for achieving the specified Euro emission standard. The actual performance may vary depending on engine calibration, exhaust temperature profile, and other system components. For tailored recommendations, please consult our technical team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 质保：1年 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e Warranty policy: 1 year\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe offer a \u003cstrong\u003e1‑year warranty\u003c\/strong\u003e on our ceramic DOC products from the date of purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eManufacturing defects in the ceramic substrate, such as cracks, broken walls, or structural failures that occur under normal use.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCoating integrity for coated DOC (flaking or detachment of the washcoat).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is NOT covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDamage caused by improper installation (e.g., over‑torquing, incorrect orientation, or physical impact).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEngine‑related issues (misfires, excessive oil consumption, or incorrect air‑fuel mixture) that lead to overheating or clogging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFuel contamination (high‑sulfur fuel, biodiesel impurities, or additives that poison the catalyst).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThermal degradation due to sustained exhaust temperatures above 650°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eNormal wear and tear or soot loading beyond the filter's capacity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClaim procedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e To make a warranty claim, please contact our support team with your order number, installation records, and clear photos of the defect. We will review each case individually.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe recommend professional installation and regular maintenance to ensure the DOC operates within its design parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 金属DOC催化剂的安装指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for metal DOC catalysts\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eInstalling a metal DOC catalyst requires careful attention to both mechanical and thermal factors. Metal substrates are more forgiving than ceramic in terms of brittleness, but they still need proper handling. Follow these guidelines for a successful installation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMounting Position:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe DOC must be installed \u003cstrong\u003eas close as possible to the engine\u003c\/strong\u003e (typically after the turbocharger) to ensure fast light‑off.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIt should be positioned \u003cstrong\u003ebefore the DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003ebefore the SCR\u003c\/strong\u003e (if equipped).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the flow direction arrow points toward the rear of the vehicle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Support \u0026amp; Housing:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMetal substrates are less brittle than ceramic, but still require secure mounting to prevent fatigue failure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate metal cans, mounting mats (if required), and brackets. Metal substrates often use a \u003cstrong\u003ewelded or brazed\u003c\/strong\u003e attachment to the housing, which provides excellent durability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eEnsure the housing allows for thermal expansion — metal substrates expand more than ceramic, so adequate clearance is necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse high‑temperature gaskets and sealing materials to prevent exhaust gas bypass.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExhaust Pipe Preparation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThoroughly clean the pipe ends to remove rust, carbon, and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf welding is required, use \u003cstrong\u003estainless steel filler material\u003c\/strong\u003e compatible with the exhaust material (typically 304 or 409 stainless).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFit new gaskets on all flanged connections — never reuse old gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWelding Considerations (for weld‑on units):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eMetal DOC substrates can withstand higher welding temperatures than ceramic, but avoid excessive heat input to prevent distortion of the thin metal foils.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse \u003cstrong\u003eTIG or MIG welding\u003c\/strong\u003e with appropriate settings. Tack‑weld in several positions before final welding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the welds to cool slowly to avoid thermal stress.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensor Connections:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eIf the DOC has integrated temperature sensors or NOx sensors, ensure they are correctly connected to the ECU.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRoute sensor wiring away from hot exhaust components and moving parts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost‑Installation Testing:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all connections.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DOC's performance via diagnostic tools (exhaust gas temperature, backpressure, and NOx\/CO readings).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a test drive under various load conditions to confirm the catalyst reaches light‑off temperature and operates correctly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Metal substrates are highly durable but can still be damaged by excessive heat (\u0026gt;950°C) — ensure proper engine tuning.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel (\u0026gt; 500 ppm), as these will poison the catalyst.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is in good mechanical condition (no misfires, no excessive oil consumption) before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • If the vehicle has a DPF, ensure the DOC is correctly positioned upstream to allow proper passive regeneration.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • We strongly recommend professional installation by a certified diesel exhaust technician.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"293x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54437765415258,"sku":null,"price":539.2,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54437765448026,"sku":null,"price":544.82,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54437765480794,"sku":null,"price":550.43,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 20g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54437765513562,"sku":null,"price":556.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54437765546330,"sku":null,"price":730.17,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54437765579098,"sku":null,"price":735.78,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54437765611866,"sku":null,"price":741.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 30g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54437765644634,"sku":null,"price":747.02,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 200cpsi","offer_id":54437765677402,"sku":null,"price":909.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 300cpsi","offer_id":54437765710170,"sku":null,"price":915.52,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 400cpsi","offer_id":54437765742938,"sku":null,"price":921.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"293x100mm \/ 40g\/cft \/ 500cpsi","offer_id":54437765775706,"sku":null,"price":926.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_7fd05739-986f-4b72-9f80-5e8874bbc2ec.jpg?v=1784282121"},{"product_id":"sic-ceramic-dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-172mm","title":"Sic \/ Ceramic DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) - 172mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Professional installation is strongly recommended.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"172x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656346458,"sku":null,"price":19.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656379226,"sku":null,"price":72.18,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656411994,"sku":null,"price":45.37,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656444762,"sku":null,"price":96.92,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x125mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656477530,"sku":null,"price":24.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x125mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656510298,"sku":null,"price":90.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x125mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656543066,"sku":null,"price":56.71,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x125mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656575834,"sku":null,"price":121.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x152mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656608602,"sku":null,"price":30.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x152mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656641370,"sku":null,"price":109.82,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x152mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656674138,"sku":null,"price":69.03,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x152mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656706906,"sku":null,"price":147.48,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x200mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656739674,"sku":null,"price":39.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x200mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656772442,"sku":null,"price":144.36,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x200mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656805210,"sku":null,"price":90.74,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x200mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656837978,"sku":null,"price":193.85,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x203mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656870746,"sku":null,"price":40.19,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x203mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656903514,"sku":null,"price":146.53,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x203mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54450656936282,"sku":null,"price":92.11,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"172x203mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54450656969050,"sku":null,"price":196.77,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/3_59ced925-99ce-422b-a7b3-4ef35da6835b.jpg?v=1784615805"},{"product_id":"sic-ceramic-dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-155mm","title":"Sic \/ Ceramic DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) - 155mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Professional installation is strongly recommended.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"155x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509201242,"sku":null,"price":16.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509234010,"sku":null,"price":58.8,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509266778,"sku":null,"price":36.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509299546,"sku":null,"price":78.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x140mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509332314,"sku":null,"price":22.53,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x140mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509365082,"sku":null,"price":82.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x140mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509397850,"sku":null,"price":51.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x140mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509430618,"sku":null,"price":110.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x180mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509463386,"sku":null,"price":28.93,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x180mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509496154,"sku":null,"price":105.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x180mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509528922,"sku":null,"price":66.29,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x180mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509561690,"sku":null,"price":141.63,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x190mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509594458,"sku":null,"price":30.55,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x190mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509627226,"sku":null,"price":111.38,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x190mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463509659994,"sku":null,"price":70.01,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x190mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463509692762,"sku":null,"price":149.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/33_f07a86ca-0ae1-4f41-9067-f8d72619ef2d.jpg?v=1784770486"},{"product_id":"sic-ceramic-dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-144mm","title":"Sic \/ Ceramic DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) - 144mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Professional installation is strongly recommended.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"144x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463522701658,"sku":null,"price":13.91,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x100mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463522734426,"sku":null,"price":50.71,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463522767194,"sku":null,"price":31.88,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x100mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463522799962,"sku":null,"price":68.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x120mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463522832730,"sku":null,"price":16.64,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x120mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463522865498,"sku":null,"price":60.67,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x120mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463522898266,"sku":null,"price":38.13,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x120mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463522931034,"sku":null,"price":81.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x127mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463522963802,"sku":null,"price":17.66,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x127mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463522996570,"sku":null,"price":64.4,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x127mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463523029338,"sku":null,"price":40.48,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x127mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463523062106,"sku":null,"price":86.48,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x152mm \/ Cordierite \/ 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Coated","offer_id":54463523324250,"sku":null,"price":121.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x203mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463523357018,"sku":null,"price":28.16,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x203mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463523389786,"sku":null,"price":102.67,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x203mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463523422554,"sku":null,"price":64.53,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x203mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463523455322,"sku":null,"price":137.87,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x216mm \/ Cordierite \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463523488090,"sku":null,"price":30.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x216mm \/ Cordierite \/ Coated","offer_id":54463523520858,"sku":null,"price":109.51,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x216mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ 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Coated","offer_id":54463523783002,"sku":null,"price":128.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x254mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54463523815770,"sku":null,"price":80.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"144x254mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54463523848538,"sku":null,"price":172.54,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/33_4f8d1228-d094-4a71-ac2b-cc0a13ad3fc6.jpg?v=1784772672"},{"product_id":"dpf-scrf-sic-ceramic-diesel-particulate-filter-165mm-6-5","title":"DPF\/SCRF SiC Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filter 165mm (6.5\")","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是SDPF\/SCRF --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is SDPF \/ SCRF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSDPF\u003c\/strong\u003e (Selective Catalytic Reduction Filter) or \u003cstrong\u003eSCRF\u003c\/strong\u003e (SCR on Filter) is an integrated after‑treatment device that combines a DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) with an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst coating on the same substrate. This configuration simultaneously removes particulate matter (soot) and reduces NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e emissions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructure and operating principle:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe SCRF is positioned close to the engine outlet (tight‑coupled) to reach urea decomposition temperature and SCR light‑off temperature quickly, avoiding excessive NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e emissions during cold starts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUrea is injected upstream of the SCRF; the generated NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e reacts with NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e over the SCR catalyst layer, while the filter walls trap soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAt low temperatures (below 200°C), urea decomposition is incomplete and NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion is limited. The tight‑coupled SCRF overcomes this by achieving faster warm‑up.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eA downstream under‑floor SCR catalyst (with higher catalyst loading) provides additional NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion during normal driving. Some heavy‑duty systems also include a small auxiliary SCR with an ASC (Ammonia Slip Catalyst) to control excess NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors upstream of the DOC and downstream of the SCRF are used to control urea dosing and monitor SCRF performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis layout (DOC + SCRF close‑coupled + under‑floor SCR) is typical for modern Euro 6 heavy‑duty diesel engines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – SDPF和DPF之间的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between SDPF (SCRF) and DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eAlthough both are wall‑flow ceramic filters, SDPF (SCRF) and DPF differ significantly in design and function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eFeature\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSDPF \/ SCRF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eDPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary function\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSimultaneous particulate filtration and NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction (SCR)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly particulate filtration\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains SCR catalyst (e.g., Cu‑zeolite) with precious metals\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically uncoated or only catalysed for soot oxidation\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher porosity (typically \u0026gt; 50%) to allow SCR coating penetration and to maintain low backpressure\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower porosity (typically 40‑50%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrea injection\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eRequires urea dosing upstream\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNo urea required\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConverts NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e to N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e using NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDoes not reduce NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6 heavy‑duty and light‑duty diesel vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 4\/5 vehicles, or as a stand‑alone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher due to coating and complex design\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe key structural difference is that the SDPF\/SCRF has \u003cstrong\u003ehigher porosity\u003c\/strong\u003e to accommodate the SCR washcoat without excessively increasing backpressure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – SDPF的示例图（根据图片用文字描述） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Example performance diagram of SDPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe following diagram illustrates the NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency of a close‑coupled SCRF system compared to an under‑floor SCR system, based on real test data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSystem\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eTemperature range\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eKey remarks\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ecc‑SCRF\u003c\/strong\u003e (close‑coupled)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200 – 400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eReaches ~80% at 250°C, exceeds 90% above 300°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eFast light‑off, active during cold start and warm‑up\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnder‑floor main SCR\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e300 – 600°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eReaches ~80% only above 400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher catalyst loading, but slower light‑off\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuxiliary small SCR (with ASC)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200 – 450°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eProvides additional NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion and ammonia slip control\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOften used in heavy‑duty vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiagram interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eThe cc‑SCRF (solid curve) achieves high NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion (\u0026gt;80%) already at ~250°C, while the under‑floor SCR (dashed curve) reaches the same level only above 400°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTwo urea injection points are shown: one upstream of the cc‑SCRF and a second upstream of the under‑floor SCR (for heavy‑duty applications).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eA small auxiliary SCR is placed downstream to handle residual NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors before and after the system enable precise urea dosing and performance monitoring.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis configuration ensures optimal NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction across the entire operating range, especially during transient conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – SDPF\/SCRF 涂PT和不涂PT之间的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between Pt‑coated and uncoated SDPF\/SCRF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe coating of platinum (Pt) on the SDPF\/SCRF significantly affects performance, especially at low temperatures. Here is a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePt‑coated SDPF\/SCRF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated SDPF\/SCRF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNO oxidation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEnables NO → NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion, improving low‑temperature SCR performance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited NO oxidation; relies mainly on engine‑out NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow‑temperature activity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher activity below 250°C due to faster NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e activation and NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e promotion\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower activity; needs higher temperature for effective SCR\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUrea decomposition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSlightly improved due to local heat release from oxidation reactions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNo such benefit\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEnhanced soot oxidation (due to NO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e) – lowers regeneration temperature\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher soot oxidation temperature, more active regeneration needed\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePt may suffer from sulfur poisoning and thermal ageing\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no precious metal degradation\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSignificantly more expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower cost\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6d, cold‑start heavy‑duty, and vehicles with frequent low‑load operation\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 without extreme cold‑start demands\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIn summary, Pt coating greatly improves cold‑start NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction and passive regeneration, but adds cost and complexity. The choice depends on emission targets and operating conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 我们的SDPF\/SCRF使用的是什么SCR基材 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e Which SCR substrate material do we use?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur SDPF\/SCRF products use a \u003cstrong\u003ecopper‑based zeolite (Cu‑zeolite)\u003c\/strong\u003e as the SCR catalyst material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey advantages of Cu‑zeolite SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExcellent low‑temperature activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Effective even below 200°C, ideal for cold‑start and low‑load conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh hydrothermal durability:\u003c\/strong\u003e Withstands temperatures up to 650°C without significant degradation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGood resistance to sulfur poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e compared to iron‑based zeolites.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBroad operating window:\u003c\/strong\u003e Maintains high NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion from 200°C to 500°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLower precious metal content\u003c\/strong\u003e than vanadium‑based systems, reducing cost.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis Cu‑zeolite coating is applied to the cordierite or silicon carbide DPF substrate (depending on the model) to provide both particulate filtration and SCR functionality in a single unit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – SDPF\/SCRF的主要功能和工作原理是什么？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e Main functions and working principle of SDPF\/SCRF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eParticulate filtration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Traps soot and ash particles from diesel exhaust, reducing PM emissions by \u0026gt; 90%.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Converts nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) into harmless nitrogen (N₂) and water (H₂O) via selective catalytic reduction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive soot oxidation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Generates NO₂ from NO (with Pt coating) to oxidise trapped soot at lower temperatures, reducing regeneration frequency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorking principle (step‑by‑step):\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExhaust gas enters the SCRF\u003c\/strong\u003e – containing NO, NO₂, soot, and other gaseous pollutants.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea injection\u003c\/strong\u003e – AdBlue (urea‑water solution) is sprayed upstream; it decomposes into NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e and CO₂.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e mixes with exhaust\u003c\/strong\u003e and flows into the SCRF channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration\u003c\/strong\u003e – The wall‑flow structure forces the gas through the porous walls, trapping soot on the inlet channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSCR reaction\u003c\/strong\u003e – NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e reacts with NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e over the Cu‑zeolite catalyst layer on the filter walls, producing N₂ and H₂O.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e – Accumulated soot is periodically burned off via passive oxidation (using NO₂) or active regeneration (raising exhaust temperature to ~600°C).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClean gas exits\u003c\/strong\u003e – with significantly reduced particulate and NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e emissions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis integrated design saves space, reduces system complexity, and improves overall emission control efficiency compared to separate DPF + SCR units.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 堇青石材质和碳化硅的区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite and silicon carbide materials?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are used as DPF\/SCRF substrates. Their differences are summarized below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide (SiC)\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion coefficient\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVery low (~1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~4.0×10⁻⁶\/℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited above 1000°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands high thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaximum operating temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1200°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1600°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50% (can be tailored)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavier\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLighter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIn general, cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions, especially where frequent regeneration is required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – SDPF\/SCRF最小起订量 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e Minimum order quantity (MOQ) for SDPF\/SCRF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur minimum order quantities vary by material type:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSilicon Carbide (SiC) material:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e3 pieces\u003c\/strong\u003e (3pcs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCordierite material:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e10 pieces\u003c\/strong\u003e (10pcs)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThese MOQs are set to ensure efficient production and coating processes. For larger volumes, we offer competitive pricing and shorter lead times. If you require a specific quantity below these MOQs, please contact our sales team to discuss possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 公司总部地址 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 如何联系我们 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"Cordierite \/ SCR Coating \/ 165x140mm","offer_id":54463981257050,"sku":null,"price":77.08,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cordierite \/ PT + SCR Coating \/ 165x140mm","offer_id":54463981289818,"sku":null,"price":132.89,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Silicon carbide \/ SCR Coating \/ 165x140mm","offer_id":54463981322586,"sku":null,"price":114.28,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"Silicon carbide \/ PT + SCR Coating \/ 165x140mm","offer_id":54463981355354,"sku":null,"price":170.1,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/11_b41cca71-7983-4a67-99fb-554ecdd0d69b.jpg?v=1784795431"},{"product_id":"9aa087-330x310mm-for-daf-scr-asc","title":"9AA087 330x310mm For DAF DAF CF\/XF (till 2018) VDL Futura SCR\/ASC","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – SCR是由什么组成？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What does the SCR system consist of?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur SCR catalyst system consists of the following components:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCopper‑based zeolite SCR catalyst (Cu‑SCR)\u003c\/strong\u003e – the primary catalyst that reduces NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e emissions using ammonia (from urea).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e2‑inch Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC)\u003c\/strong\u003e – installed downstream of the main SCR to oxidise any excess NH₃ that passes through, preventing ammonia slip into the atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages of this configuration:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Cu‑SCR provides excellent low‑temperature activity (active from 180°C) and maintains high performance across a wide temperature range.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEliminates ammonia slip:\u003c\/strong\u003e The 2‑inch ASC ensures that even during transient conditions (cold starts, sudden load changes), any unused ammonia is converted into nitrogen (N₂) before leaving the exhaust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystem durability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The combination of Cu‑SCR and ASC allows for higher urea dosing without environmental penalties, ensuring the SCR can operate at peak efficiency for longer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpace‑saving design:\u003c\/strong\u003e Integrating the ASC directly into the SCR canister (close‑coupled) eliminates the need for a separate after‑treatment device, saving space and weight.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompliance with Euro 6d standards:\u003c\/strong\u003e This configuration ensures that the vehicle meets the strictest NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e and ammonia emission limits, even under real‑world driving conditions (RDE).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 铜基SCR的工作原理？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of copper‑based SCR\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCopper‑based zeolite SCR (Cu‑SCR) operates through a series of catalytic reduction reactions. The process can be summarised as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea injection:\u003c\/strong\u003e A urea‑water solution (AdBlue \/ DEF) is sprayed into the exhaust stream upstream of the SCR catalyst. The exhaust heat causes urea to decompose into ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂):\u003cbr\u003e\n        CO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O → 2 NH₃ + CO₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction over Cu‑zeolite:\u003c\/strong\u003e The released NH₃ reacts with nitrogen oxides (NO and NO₂) on the active copper sites within the zeolite channels. The main reactions are:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStandard SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4 NO + 4 NH₃ + O₂ → 4 N₂ + 6 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFast SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e NO + NO₂ + 2 NH₃ → 2 N₂ + 3 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlow SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 NO₂ + 8 NH₃ → 7 N₂ + 12 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh selectivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e The copper‑zeolite structure is highly selective, meaning it preferentially reduces NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e rather than oxidising NH₃ (which would waste urea). This results in \u0026gt; 95% NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency under optimal conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLow‑temperature activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cu‑SCR becomes active at temperatures as low as \u003cstrong\u003e180°C\u003c\/strong\u003e, significantly lower than vanadium‑based SCR. This makes it ideal for cold‑start and low‑load applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHydrothermal durability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The copper‑zeolite structure is stable up to 650°C, resisting thermal degradation during active DPF regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eAfter the main SCR, any remaining NH₃ is removed by the downstream ASC, ensuring zero ammonia slip.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – SCR是多少目数？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e What is the cell density (CPSI) of the SCR?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur SCR catalyst features a cell density of \u003cstrong\u003e400 CPSI\u003c\/strong\u003e (cells per square inch).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy 400 CPSI is optimal:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBalanced flow and efficiency:\u003c\/strong\u003e 400 CPSI provides a high geometric surface area for catalytic reactions while maintaining low exhaust backpressure, ensuring minimal impact on engine performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDurability:\u003c\/strong\u003e The cell walls are thick enough to withstand thermal cycling and mechanical stress, yet thin enough to allow for efficient gas diffusion into the washcoat.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCoating retention:\u003c\/strong\u003e This cell density ensures that the copper‑zeolite washcoat adheres well and remains stable under high‑temperature operation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndustry standard:\u003c\/strong\u003e 400 CPSI is the most common specification for heavy‑duty and light‑duty SCR applications, offering proven performance and reliability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you require a different cell density for a specific application, please contact our technical team for custom solutions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 产品对应的车型以及零件号 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Vehicle applications and part number\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePart Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 9AA087\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible Vehicles:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDAF CF \/ XF (up to year 2018)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eVDL Futura\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003ePlease verify compatibility with your vehicle's specific engine code and emission standard (Euro 5 \/ Euro 6) before purchasing. If you are unsure, please contact our sales team with your VIN for confirmation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 质保一年 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e Warranty policy: 1 year\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur copper‑based SCR catalysts are covered by a \u003cstrong\u003e1‑year warranty\u003c\/strong\u003e from the date of purchase against manufacturing defects. This warranty covers the ceramic substrate structure, the copper‑zeolite coating integrity, and the ASC coating under normal use conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eManufacturing defects in the ceramic substrate (e.g., cracks, broken walls, or structural failures).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCoating integrity – flaking or detachment of the washcoat due to poor manufacturing quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDefects in the ASC coating that affect ammonia slip control.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is NOT covered:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea quality issues:\u003c\/strong\u003e Damage caused by using non‑ISO 22241‑compliant urea (impurities, high‑aldehydes, or incorrect concentration).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFuel contamination:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use of high‑sulfur diesel (\u0026gt; 500 ppm), leaded fuel, or biodiesel that does not meet EN 590 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEngine‑related issues:\u003c\/strong\u003e Engine misfires, excessive oil consumption, faulty injectors, or incorrect air‑fuel ratio that lead to overheating (\u0026gt; 650°C) or soot loading.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical damage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cracks or breakage caused by improper handling, installation damage, or impact from road debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical poisoning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contamination from phosphorus (engine oil additives), sulfur (fuel), alkali metals (Na, K), or heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr) that deactivate the catalyst.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImproper installation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Incorrect orientation, insufficient mounting support, or exhaust leaks that cause operational issues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNormal wear and tear:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gradual loss of efficiency due to normal ageing, ash accumulation, or mileage beyond typical service intervals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWarranty claim procedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e To make a warranty claim, please contact our support team with your order number, vehicle details, installation records, and clear photos of the defect. We will review each case individually and determine whether the issue qualifies for warranty coverage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe recommend professional installation and regular maintenance to ensure the SCR operates within its design parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 如何联系我们？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, compatibility, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"330 x 310mm \/ Euro 6","offer_id":54468767318362,"sku":null,"price":265.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_f3f6f540-1b62-4c7c-a523-db45f11e68ff.jpg?v=1784875339"},{"product_id":"high-quality","title":"High quality Silicon carbide DPF filter for BMW 118 d year 2009 engine D\/N47D20C New repacement kit","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails open=\"\"\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e• DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e• Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e• Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e• Professional installation is strongly recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"1PCS","offer_id":54476214698330,"sku":null,"price":46.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/1_d70362d0-c790-4942-9062-bc6416ce2c6d.jpg?v=1785123113"},{"product_id":"for-bmw-e70-x5-35d-dpf-filter-18308512287-usa-model-diesel-particulate-replacement","title":"For BMW E70 X5 35d DPF Filter 18308512287 USA Model Diesel Particulate Replacement","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails open=\"\"\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e• DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e• Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e• Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e• Professional installation is strongly recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"1PCS","offer_id":54477411058010,"sku":null,"price":59.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/11_f6cb7012-6027-4cbe-8c3d-2bab600a51ed.jpg?v=1785142344"},{"product_id":"high-temperature-resistant-sic-diesel-particulate-filter-oe-1127719303001a-fits-renault-kadjar-1-6-dci-engine-exhaust-emission-purification","title":"High Temperature Resistant SiC Diesel Particulate Filter OE 1127719303001a Fits Renault Kadjar 1.6 dCi Engine Exhaust Emission Purification","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails open=\"\"\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e• DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e• Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e• Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e• Professional installation is strongly recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"1pcs","offer_id":54477558251866,"sku":null,"price":58.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/446.jpg?v=1785143860"},{"product_id":"scr-diesel-catalyst-305mm","title":"SCR Diesel Catalyst 305mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车SCR？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel SCR system?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced exhaust after‑treatment system used in diesel vehicles to reduce nitrogen oxide (NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e) emissions. It works by injecting a urea‑based solution (AdBlue \/ DEF) into the exhaust stream, which decomposes into ammonia (NH₃). The NH₃ then reacts with NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e over a catalyst to produce harmless nitrogen (N₂) and water (H₂O).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey components of an SCR system:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea tank\u003c\/strong\u003e – stores the AdBlue\/DEF fluid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea dosing module\u003c\/strong\u003e – injects the precise amount of urea into the exhaust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSCR catalyst\u003c\/strong\u003e – the ceramic substrate (coated with vanadium, copper, or iron‑based zeolite) where the chemical reduction takes place.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors\u003c\/strong\u003e – placed upstream and downstream to monitor system performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature sensors\u003c\/strong\u003e – ensure optimal operating conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR systems are essential for meeting Euro 4, 5, 6, and beyond emission standards for heavy‑duty and light‑duty diesel engines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – SCR涂钒\/铜\/铁分子筛的区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between vanadium, copper‑zeolite, and iron‑zeolite SCR coatings?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR catalysts are classified by the active metal used in the coating. The three main types are \u003cstrong\u003evanadium‑based\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ecopper‑zeolite (Cu‑zeolite)\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eiron‑zeolite (Fe‑zeolite)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each has distinct characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVanadium‑based\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCopper‑Zeolite (Cu)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eIron‑Zeolite (Fe)\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive metal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCopper (Cu) exchanged in zeolite\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eIron (Fe) exchanged in zeolite\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperating temperature range\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e250°C – 450°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e180°C – 500°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e250°C – 600°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLow‑temperature activity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent (active below 200°C)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh‑temperature durability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited above 450°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood up to 650°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent up to 700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSulfur tolerance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eModerate (sulfur‑sensitive)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrothermal ageing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSusceptible at high temp\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood durability\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent durability\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMedium\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMedium‑High\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder Euro 4\/5 systems\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6 light‑duty and heavy‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 6 heavy‑duty, high‑load applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection guide:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cu‑zeolite is preferred for cold‑start and low‑load conditions; Fe‑zeolite is better for high‑temperature, high‑load operation; vanadium is cost‑effective for less demanding applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – SCR的工作原理？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of SCR\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe SCR system operates through a series of chemical reactions that convert NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e into harmless nitrogen and water. The process can be summarized in the following steps:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea injection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Aqueous urea (AdBlue \/ DEF) is sprayed into the exhaust stream upstream of the SCR catalyst. The heat of the exhaust causes urea to decompose:\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cul\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003eCO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O → 2 NH₃ + CO₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e reduction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The released ammonia (NH₃) reacts with NO and NO₂ over the catalyst surface:\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cul\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStandard SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4 NO + 4 NH₃ + O₂ → 4 N₂ + 6 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFast SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e NO + NO₂ + 2 NH₃ → 2 N₂ + 3 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlow SCR:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 NO₂ + 8 NH₃ → 7 N₂ + 12 H₂O\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAmmonia slip control:\u003c\/strong\u003e An ASC (Ammonia Slip Catalyst) at the outlet oxidises any excess NH₃ that passes through, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe \"fast SCR\" reaction (NO + NO₂) is the most efficient and occurs readily when the upstream DOC has converted about 50% of NO to NO₂. The system relies on a precise urea dosing strategy based on engine operating conditions and NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensor feedback to achieve \u0026gt; 90% conversion efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – SCR载体能否单独更换，还是需要整体总成更换？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Can the SCR substrate be replaced separately, or does the entire assembly need replacing?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn most modern vehicles, the SCR catalyst is integrated into a welded metal canister and cannot be replaced as a standalone substrate.\u003c\/strong\u003e The entire assembly (including the housing, sensors, and mounting brackets) must be replaced as a unit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReasons why separate substrate replacement is not recommended:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWelded construction:\u003c\/strong\u003e The ceramic substrate is permanently sealed inside the metal can with mounting mats. Cutting it open risks damaging the fragile ceramic and compromising the seal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrecision fit:\u003c\/strong\u003e The substrate is precisely sized to the housing; an aftermarket substrate may not fit correctly, leading to exhaust gas bypass and reduced efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSensor calibration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The new assembly includes the correct sensor locations and mounting points; a modified housing may not align properly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWarranty and compliance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Replacing only the substrate would void any emissions compliance certification and may trigger OBD fault codes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eException:\u003c\/strong\u003e In some heavy‑duty and off‑highway applications, the SCR cartridge is designed to be serviceable and the substrate can be replaced individually. However, this is manufacturer‑specific and requires specialised tools.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eFor most vehicles, we strongly recommend replacing the \u003cstrong\u003ecomplete SCR catalytic converter assembly\u003c\/strong\u003e to ensure proper fit, function, and emissions compliance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 使用劣质尿素会对SCR催化转化器造成什么损伤？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What damage does low‑quality urea cause to the SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eUsing low‑quality or non‑compliant urea (AdBlue\/DEF) can cause severe and irreversible damage to the SCR system. The main risks include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalyst poisoning:\u003c\/strong\u003e Impurities such as heavy metals (copper, zinc, chromium) and alkali metals (sodium, potassium) accumulate on the active sites of the SCR catalyst, permanently reducing its NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDeposit formation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low‑quality urea often contains aldehydes and biuret, which form solid deposits (melamine and cyanuric acid) inside the catalyst and on the injector. These deposits clog the channels, increase backpressure, and reduce exhaust flow.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInjector damage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Impurities in the urea can cause the dosing injector nozzle to block or stick, leading to over‑dosing or under‑dosing of urea, which affects SCR performance and may trigger OBD fault codes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCorrosion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Urea with incorrect pH levels can corrode internal components such as the injector, piping, and even the catalyst housing over time.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePremature ageing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The chemical impurities accelerate the thermal degradation of the catalyst coating, especially under high‑temperature regeneration events.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eTo avoid these issues, always use urea fluid that meets the \u003cstrong\u003eISO 22241\u003c\/strong\u003e standard (DIN 70070 \/ AUS 32) and purchase from reputable suppliers. The cost of repairing a poisoned SCR system far exceeds the savings from buying cheap urea.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – SCR催化剂中毒是什么意思，中毒后可以清洗修复吗 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e What does SCR catalyst poisoning mean? Can it be cleaned and restored?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCR catalyst poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the accumulation of contaminants on the catalyst surface that block the active sites and prevent the chemical reduction reactions from occurring. Common poisons include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSulfur (S):\u003c\/strong\u003e From high‑sulfur diesel fuel, forming sulfates that cover the catalyst surface.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePhosphorus (P):\u003c\/strong\u003e From engine oil additives, particularly zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), which forms phosphates.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlkali metals (Na, K):\u003c\/strong\u003e From certain fuel additives, dust, or contaminated urea.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHeavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr):\u003c\/strong\u003e From fuel contamination or engine wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarbon deposits (soot):\u003c\/strong\u003e Excessive soot accumulation due to poorly regenerated DPF upstream.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCan poisoned SCR catalysts be cleaned and restored?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal regeneration\u003c\/strong\u003e – occasionally, running the vehicle at high load for an extended period can burn off carbon deposits and some sulfur compounds. However, this only works for light poisoning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical washing\u003c\/strong\u003e – some aftermarket services offer SCR flushing with specialised solvents. However, results are inconsistent, and the process risks damaging the fragile ceramic substrate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSevere poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e – when the catalyst has been contaminated with heavy metals or phosphates, the damage is \u003cstrong\u003epermanent and irreversible\u003c\/strong\u003e. The catalyst coating cannot be restored. The only solution is to replace the SCR assembly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommendation:\u003c\/strong\u003e If the SCR efficiency has dropped below 80% and diagnostic trouble codes (P20xx series) are present, replacement is usually the only reliable fix. Cleaning should only be attempted under professional guidance and with the understanding that it may not be effective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 新更换SCR催化转化器之后，车辆需要做什么操作？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e What procedures are needed after replacing the SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eAfter installing a new SCR catalytic converter, the following procedures should be carried out to ensure proper operation and OBD compliance:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003col\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReset the ECU:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use a diagnostic tool (e.g., J2534 or manufacturer‑specific software) to clear any old fault codes and reset the SCR adaptation values. This tells the ECU that a new catalyst has been installed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePerform an SCR re‑learn \/ adaptation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Many vehicles require a \"SCR catalyst learn\" procedure to calibrate the NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e sensors and urea dosing parameters for the new component. This may involve driving at a steady speed or performing a stationary regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrime the urea dosing system:\u003c\/strong\u003e The urea pump and injector lines need to be primed with fresh AdBlue\/DEF to remove any air pockets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCheck for leaks:\u003c\/strong\u003e Inspect all urea connections and exhaust joints for leaks after installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTest drive:\u003c\/strong\u003e Drive the vehicle under various load conditions (city, highway, uphill) to allow the SCR to reach operating temperature and to complete the OBD monitor readiness cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVerify with diagnostic tool:\u003c\/strong\u003e After the test drive, re‑scan the system to confirm that the SCR efficiency monitor has passed and that no new fault codes have appeared.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ol\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImportant:\u003c\/strong\u003e Failure to perform the re‑learn procedure may result in persistent fault codes, reduced NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion, and even failed emissions tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – SCR催化器堵塞常见是什么原因？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are the common causes of SCR catalyst blockage?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eSCR catalyst blockage (increased backpressure) can occur due to several reasons. The most common causes are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUrea deposit formation (crystallisation):\u003c\/strong\u003e When urea is not fully decomposed due to low exhaust temperatures or poor atomisation, it forms solid deposits of melamine and cyanuric acid inside the catalyst channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSoot accumulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e If the upstream DPF is failing or regeneration is incomplete, excessive soot particles pass through and accumulate on the SCR catalyst, blocking the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAsh buildup:\u003c\/strong\u003e Metallic ash from engine oil additives (especially zinc and calcium) accumulates in the SCR over time, reducing the available surface area and increasing backpressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePoor urea quality:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low‑quality urea contains impurities (biuret, aldehydes) that form solid precipitates at high temperatures.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFaulty urea injector:\u003c\/strong\u003e A dripping or stuck‑open injector leads to over‑dosing, causing excess urea to crystallise inside the catalyst.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLeaking turbocharger oil seals:\u003c\/strong\u003e Oil contamination can cause sticky deposits that block the catalyst channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrevention:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use ISO 22241‑compliant urea, maintain the engine and DPF in good condition, and avoid short trips that prevent the SCR from reaching regeneration temperature. Regular inspections of the urea injector and dosing system are also recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – SCR催化转化器失效后车辆会出现哪些故障现象？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e What are the symptoms of a failed SCR catalytic converter?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWhen an SCR catalytic converter fails or its efficiency drops significantly, the vehicle will typically exhibit one or more of the following symptoms:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCheck Engine Light (MIL) illuminated:\u003c\/strong\u003e The ECU will detect reduced NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e conversion efficiency (e.g., P0420, P20E8, P20EE codes) and turn on the warning light.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReduced engine power (Derate):\u003c\/strong\u003e Many vehicles enter a \"limp mode\" or reduced power mode when SCR faults are detected, limiting vehicle speed and performance to protect the engine and encourage repair.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIncreased fuel consumption:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine management system may adjust injection timing and air‑fuel ratio to compensate for the loss of SCR efficiency, increasing fuel consumption.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExcessive white smoke or ammonia smell:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ammonia slip may occur if the SCR cannot convert NH₃ effectively, leading to a pungent odour and visible white smoke from the exhaust.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFailed emission test:\u003c\/strong\u003e The vehicle will fail mandatory emissions inspections or roadside checks due to excessive NO\u003csub\u003ex\u003c\/sub\u003e output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh exhaust backpressure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blockage causes a noticeable loss of power, reduced turbo response, and increased exhaust gas temperature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration frequency increase:\u003c\/strong\u003e The DPF may regenerate more often as the ECU tries to compensate for the SCR's poor performance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you notice any of these symptoms, we recommend performing a diagnostic scan immediately. Continuing to drive with a failed SCR can lead to damage to other components, including the DPF and turbocharger.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 如何联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 305x76mm","offer_id":54480457072986,"sku":null,"price":56.73,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 305x100mm","offer_id":54480457105754,"sku":null,"price":74.62,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 305x127mm","offer_id":54480457138522,"sku":null,"price":94.76,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 305x152mm","offer_id":54480457171290,"sku":null,"price":113.47,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ V-Euro 5 \/ 305x200mm","offer_id":54480457204058,"sku":null,"price":149.24,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 305x76mm","offer_id":54480457236826,"sku":null,"price":74.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 305x100mm","offer_id":54480457269594,"sku":null,"price":97.98,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 305x127mm","offer_id":54480457302362,"sku":null,"price":124.42,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 305x152mm","offer_id":54480457335130,"sku":null,"price":148.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Cu-Euro 6 \/ 305x200mm","offer_id":54480457367898,"sku":null,"price":195.96,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 305x76mm","offer_id":54480457400666,"sku":null,"price":69.56,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 305x100mm","offer_id":54480457433434,"sku":null,"price":91.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 305x127mm","offer_id":54480457466202,"sku":null,"price":116.18,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 305x152mm","offer_id":54480457498970,"sku":null,"price":139.12,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"SCR-400cpsi \/ Fe-Euro 6 \/ 305x200mm","offer_id":54480457531738,"sku":null,"price":182.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/222_ae58e85c-4aec-49e9-8ef1-8f7589713ee0.jpg?v=1785201804"},{"product_id":"dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-fit-for-opel-zafira-b-1-7-cdti-2005-2014-direct-replacement","title":"DPF Diesel Particulate Filter Fit For OPEL ZAFIRA B 1.7 CDTI 2005-2014 Direct Replacement","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Description\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n\u003cdetails open=\"\"\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e• Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e• DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e• Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e• Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e• Professional installation is strongly recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"1PCS","offer_id":54480488792410,"sku":null,"price":61.54,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/44_11801a9b-afa0-4ad4-8b90-68fc8801d9f7.jpg?v=1785207585"},{"product_id":"4-0mm-expanded-non-expanded-cotton-applicable-package-gap-4-0mm","title":"4.0mm Expanded\/Non-Expanded Cotton Applicable Package Gap 4.0mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 8px 6px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 12px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 4px 3px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是催化转化器隔热棉？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a catalytic converter mounting mat?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ecatalytic converter mounting mat\u003c\/strong\u003e (also known as a support mat or insulating mat) is a specialised high‑temperature fibrous material placed between the ceramic substrate (catalyst or DPF) and the metal canister housing. It serves multiple critical functions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal insulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduces heat loss from the exhaust gases, helping the catalyst reach its light‑off temperature quickly and maintaining optimal operating temperature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanical support:\u003c\/strong\u003e Securely holds the fragile ceramic substrate in place, absorbing vibration and preventing movement that could cause cracking.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSealing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Prevents exhaust gas from bypassing the substrate, ensuring all gases pass through the catalyst channels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion compensation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Accommodates differential expansion between the ceramic and metal housing during temperature changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eMounting mats are typically made from ceramic fibres, vermiculite, or a combination of both, and are designed to withstand temperatures up to 1200°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 膨胀棉和非膨胀棉有什么区别？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between intumescent and non‑intumescent mats?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCatalytic converter mounting mats fall into two main categories: \u003cstrong\u003eintumescent\u003c\/strong\u003e (expanding) and \u003cstrong\u003enon‑intumescent\u003c\/strong\u003e (non‑expanding). They differ in material composition, behaviour, and application:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eIntumescent Mat\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eNon‑Intumescent Mat\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain components\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVermiculite + ceramic fibres + binders\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh‑purity ceramic fibres (e.g., alumina‑silica)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpansion behaviour\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExpands significantly when heated (vermiculite exfoliates)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMinimal expansion; relies on compression packing\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion compensation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent – expansion fills gaps as temperatures rise\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLimited – requires precise initial gap control\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to ~900°C (vermiculite degrades above)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eUp to ~1200°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSealing ability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh – active expansion ensures tight seal\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood – relies on mechanical pressure\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGasoline and diesel passenger cars, Euro 5\/6 systems\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑temperature applications (e.g., commercial trucks, industrial)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (due to vermiculite and processing)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (simpler composition)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIntumescent mats are more common in modern vehicles because they maintain a consistent sealing force over a wide temperature range. Non‑intumescent mats are preferred for very high‑temperature or long‑life applications where vermiculite might degrade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 膨胀棉参数以及适用于安装间隙？（表格依据图片） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Intumescent mat parameters and recommended installation gap?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe table below shows typical specifications for intumescent mounting mats based on standard product grades. These values are critical for selecting the correct mat for a given substrate and housing diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eBasic weight (g\/m²)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eWeight lower (g\/m²)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eWeight upper (g\/m²)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard thickness (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eThickness lower (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eThickness upper (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eRecommended gap (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eGap range (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eBulk density (g\/cm³)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eLoss on ignition (%)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVermiculite (%)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eExpansion temp (°C)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eExpansion ratio T1\/T0\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003ePressure after aging (kPa)\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2600\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2392\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2808\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e10.80\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e9.18\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e12.42\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3.40 – 4.60\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e0.65\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e4 – 11\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e20 – 35\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e≤420\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e≥0.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e≥35\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3250\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2990\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3510\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e12.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e10.63\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.38\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4.30 – 5.70\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3900\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3588\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4212\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e15.60\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.26\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e17.94\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.10 – 6.90\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4550\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4186\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4914\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e17.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.88\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e20.13\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e7.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.95 – 8.05\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5200\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4784\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5616\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e20.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e17.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e23.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e8.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e6.80 – 9.20\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to use:\u003c\/strong\u003e The \u003cstrong\u003erecommended gap\u003c\/strong\u003e corresponds to the radial clearance between the ceramic substrate and the inner wall of the metal housing. Choosing the correct weight and thickness ensures the mat provides sufficient holding pressure without damaging the substrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 非膨胀棉参数以及适用于安装间隙？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Non‑intumescent mat parameters and recommended installation gap?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eNon‑intumescent mats are made from high‑purity ceramic fibres (typically alumina‑silica) and do not contain vermiculite. They rely on mechanical compression to hold the substrate, and their performance is determined by fibre diameter, density, and thickness. Typical specifications for non‑intumescent mats are as follows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eBasic weight (g\/m²)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eWeight tolerance (±)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard thickness (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eThickness tolerance (± mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eRecommended gap (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eGap range (mm)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eBulk density (g\/cm³)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMax. service temp (°C)\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eLoss on ignition (%)\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1500\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±150\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e8.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±1.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.5 – 3.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.55\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1100\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤2\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2000\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±200\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e10.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±1.2\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3.4 – 4.6\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.60\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1150\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤2\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2500\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±250\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e12.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e4.3 – 5.7\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.65\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1200\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤2\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e3000\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±300\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e15.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e±1.8\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e6.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.1 – 6.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1250\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤2\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey differences vs. intumescent:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eNo active expansion – the mat must be installed with a precise initial gap to maintain pressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eHigher continuous temperature capability (up to 1250°C).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eLower loss on ignition (\u0026lt;2%) – less binder burn‑off, ensuring long‑term dimensional stability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRecommended for applications where exhaust temperatures regularly exceed 900°C (e.g., heavy‑duty trucks, off‑highway equipment).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 什么是安装间隙？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is the installation gap?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003einstallation gap\u003c\/strong\u003e is the radial clearance between the outer diameter of the ceramic substrate (catalyst or filter) and the inner diameter of the metal housing (canister). It is defined as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cdiv style=\"background:#f5f7fa; padding:12px 20px; border-radius:8px; margin:12px 0;\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eInstallation gap = (Inner diameter of housing – Outer diameter of substrate) \/ 2\u003c\/strong\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis gap is critical because it determines how much the mounting mat is compressed during assembly. Correct gap selection ensures:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSufficient holding force:\u003c\/strong\u003e The mat must be compressed to a level that secures the substrate against vibration and thermal expansion.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrevents substrate damage:\u003c\/strong\u003e Too small a gap can over‑compress the mat, causing excessive pressure that cracks the ceramic.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaintains sealing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Proper compression ensures exhaust gas does not bypass the substrate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompensates for differential expansion:\u003c\/strong\u003e The mat accommodates the different thermal expansion rates of ceramic and metal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe recommended gap values for intumescent mats are listed in Q3 (e.g., 4.00 ± 0.60 mm for a 2600 g\/m² mat). For non‑intumescent mats, similar ranges apply but with tighter tolerances due to lack of expansion. Always consult the mat manufacturer's specifications for your specific substrate size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – 是否支持定做？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e Do you support custom manufacturing?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes, we fully support custom manufacturing.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe can produce mounting mats tailored to your specific requirements, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustom dimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Any substrate outer diameter, height, and shape (round, oval, racetrack) can be accommodated.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustom weight and thickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e We can adjust the basis weight and thickness to match your required installation gap and holding pressure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Choose from intumescent (vermiculite‑based) or non‑intumescent (ceramic fibre‑based) grades.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecial properties:\u003c\/strong\u003e Low‑LOI, high‑temperature resistance, or specific binder systems for unique application needs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eTo start a custom order, simply provide us with:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eSubstrate outer diameter and length\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eHousing inner diameter (or desired installation gap)\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eOperating temperature range\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAny special requirements (e.g., high thermal shock, low ash)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur engineering team will then design the optimal mat specification and provide a sample for your approval before mass production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 最小起订量是多少？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e What is the minimum order quantity (MOQ)?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur standard minimum order quantity for mounting mats is \u003cstrong\u003e5 pieces\u003c\/strong\u003e (5pcs) per specification.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eFor custom sizes or special materials, the MOQ may be higher due to setup costs. However, we are flexible and can discuss smaller quantities for sample orders or prototype runs. Please contact our sales team to confirm the MOQ for your specific requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 如何联系我们？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, customisation, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or product details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"740 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619669850,"sku":null,"price":9.62,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"740 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556619702618,"sku":null,"price":21.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"740 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619735386,"sku":null,"price":11.22,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"740 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556619768154,"sku":null,"price":25.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 90mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619800922,"sku":null,"price":8.09,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 90mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556619833690,"sku":null,"price":18.05,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619866458,"sku":null,"price":10.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556619899226,"sku":null,"price":24.07,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619931994,"sku":null,"price":12.59,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556619964762,"sku":null,"price":28.08,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 190mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556619997530,"sku":null,"price":17.08,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"830 x 190mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620030298,"sku":null,"price":38.11,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"950 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556620063066,"sku":null,"price":12.35,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"950 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620095834,"sku":null,"price":27.55,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"950 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556620128602,"sku":null,"price":14.41,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"950 x 140mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620161370,"sku":null,"price":32.14,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 300mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556620194138,"sku":null,"price":35.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 300mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620226906,"sku":null,"price":79.75,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 250mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556620259674,"sku":null,"price":29.79,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 250mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620292442,"sku":null,"price":66.46,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Expanded Cotton","offer_id":54556620325210,"sku":null,"price":14.3,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"1100 x 120mm \/ 5pcs \/ Non-Expanding Cotton","offer_id":54556620357978,"sku":null,"price":31.9,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/111_3295efa0-799e-4809-9961-a57ca5724e96.jpg?v=1786438671"},{"product_id":"sic-ceramic-dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-155x130x145mm","title":"Sic \/ Ceramic DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) - ⁠155x130x145mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Professional installation is strongly recommended.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"155x130x145mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54580071170394,"sku":null,"price":66.49,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"155x130x145mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54580071203162,"sku":null,"price":142.04,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/111_bc19ac77-927b-46b6-bcf8-dbd63d3b2ba0.jpg?v=1786699088"},{"product_id":"sic-ceramic-dpf-diesel-particulate-filter-182x97x152mm","title":"Sic \/ Ceramic DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter) - ⁠182x97x152mm","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e\n  .cat-faq-module {\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 30px 0;\n    font-family: 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    background: #ffffff;\n    border-radius: 28px;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);\n    border: 1px solid #edf2f7;\n    padding: 30px 32px 10px 32px;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    gap: 14px;\n    padding-bottom: 18px;\n    border-bottom: 3px solid #f0f4fa;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 {\n    font-size: 28px;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    margin: 0;\n    letter-spacing: -0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .module-header .badge {\n    background: #0b1a33;\n    color: #fff;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    padding: 2px 18px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details {\n    display: block;\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f6;\n    padding: 8px 0;\n    transition: all 0.2s ease;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details:last-of-type {\n    border-bottom: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: center;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    font-size: 17px;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    color: #0b1a33;\n    padding: 10px 4px 10px 0;\n    list-style: none;\n    position: relative;\n    user-select: none;\n    gap: 12px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::-webkit-details-marker {\n    display: none;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary::before {\n    content: \"▶\";\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    transition: transform 0.25s ease;\n    display: inline-block;\n    width: 20px;\n    font-weight: 400;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module details[open] \u003e summary::before {\n    transform: rotate(90deg);\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module summary .q-mark {\n    background: #eef5ff;\n    color: #1a73e8;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    padding: 0 12px;\n    border-radius: 20px;\n    line-height: 26px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap {\n    padding: 8px 20px 16px 36px;\n    color: #2c3e50;\n    font-size: 15.5px;\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p {\n    margin: 0 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap p:last-child {\n    margin-bottom: 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ul, \n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap ol {\n    padding-left: 22px;\n    margin: 6px 0 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap li {\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap strong {\n    color: #0b1a33;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .warning-box {\n    background: #f9fcff;\n    border-left: 5px solid #1a73e8;\n    padding: 14px 22px;\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    margin: 12px 0 4px 0;\n    font-size: 15px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    font-size: 14.5px;\n    margin: 12px 0;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th,\n  .cat-faq-module table td {\n    border: 1px solid #dce1e9;\n    padding: 10px 8px;\n    text-align: left;\n    vertical-align: middle;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module table th {\n    background: #f0f4fa;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item {\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n    padding-left: 4px;\n  }\n  .cat-faq-module .contact-item strong {\n    display: inline-block;\n    min-width: 60px;\n  }\n  @media (max-width: 640px) {\n    .cat-faq-module { padding: 18px 16px 6px 16px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .module-header h2 { font-size: 22px; }\n    .cat-faq-module summary { font-size: 15px; }\n    .cat-faq-module .answer-wrap { padding: 6px 8px 12px 20px; font-size: 14.5px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table { font-size: 13px; }\n    .cat-faq-module table th, .cat-faq-module table td { padding: 6px 4px; }\n  }\n\u003c\/style\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"cat-faq-module\"\u003e\n  \u003cdiv class=\"module-header\"\u003e\n    \u003ch2\u003e Product Description \u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cspan class=\"badge\"\u003eClick to expand\u003c\/span\u003e\n  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q1 – 什么是柴油车DPF？ --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ1\u003c\/span\u003e What is a diesel DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an exhaust after‑treatment device installed in diesel vehicles to capture and store particulate matter (soot) from the exhaust gas. It is a ceramic wall‑flow filter (typically made of cordierite or silicon carbide) that physically traps particles while allowing exhaust gases to pass through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Functions:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReduces particulate emissions (PM) by over 90%, meeting Euro 4, 5, and 6 standards.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePrevents soot from being released into the atmosphere, improving air quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eWorks in conjunction with DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) to enable passive and active regeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eDPFs are mandatory for modern diesel vehicles to comply with strict emission regulations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q2 – 堇青石DPF和碳化硅DPF的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ2\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between cordierite DPF and silicon carbide DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eBoth cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) are common ceramic materials used for DPF substrates. The table below compares their key properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eProperty\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCordierite DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSilicon Carbide DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2MgO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiC (silicon carbide)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLow (1–2 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigh (~15–20 W\/mK)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Shock Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eGood, but limited at very high temperatures\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent, withstands extreme thermal cycling\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~1400°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e~2700°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eTypically 40–50%\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eExcellent\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePassenger cars, light‑duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeavy‑duty, high‑performance, and regeneration‑intensive applications\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Takeaway:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cordierite is cost‑effective and suitable for standard applications, while SiC offers superior thermal durability and is preferred for heavy‑duty and high‑temperature conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q3 – 柴油车DPF的工作原理 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ3\u003c\/span\u003e Working principle of diesel DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe DPF operates on the \u003cstrong\u003ewall‑flow filtration\u003c\/strong\u003e principle:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFiltration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The honeycomb structure has alternating channels plugged at the ends. Exhaust gas enters the inlet channels and is forced through the porous ceramic walls into the adjacent outlet channels. Soot particles larger than the pore size are trapped on the wall surface and inside the pores.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e As soot accumulates, backpressure increases. The filter must be regenerated to burn off the trapped soot:\n          \u003cul\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePassive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Occurs when exhaust temperatures exceed ~350°C, especially with the help of NO₂ from the upstream DOC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n            \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive regeneration:\u003c\/strong\u003e The engine ECU raises exhaust temperatures (by post‑injection or other means) to ~600°C to oxidise the soot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n          \u003c\/ul\u003e\n        \u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThis cycle ensures low backpressure and high filtration efficiency over the life of the DPF.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q4 – 柴油车DPF涂层和不涂层的区别 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ4\u003c\/span\u003e Difference between coated and uncoated DPF?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe main difference between a \u003cstrong\u003ecoated\u003c\/strong\u003e and an \u003cstrong\u003euncoated\u003c\/strong\u003e DPF is the presence of a catalytic washcoat. Here’s a detailed comparison:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eAspect\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eUncoated DPF\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eContains precious metals (Pt, Pd) and promoters\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNone (pure ceramic)\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoot Oxidation Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLower (~350–400°C) – easier passive regeneration\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHigher (~500–600°C) – harder to regenerate passively\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConversion of CO \u0026amp; HC\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCan also oxidise CO and HC\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOnly filters soot; no catalytic conversion\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoating may degrade over time\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore robust, no coating wear\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCost\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMore expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLess expensive\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eEuro 5\/6 passenger and commercial vehicles\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOlder designs or as a standalone filter\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eCoated DPFs are preferred for modern vehicles because they regenerate more easily and provide additional emission benefits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q5 – 包括什么 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ5\u003c\/span\u003e What is included in the package?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eEach order includes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x DPF (Diesel Particulate Filter)\u003c\/strong\u003e – fully assembled and ready for installation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e1 x Intumescent Mounting Mat (insulating mat)\u003c\/strong\u003e – provided as a complimentary extra to ensure a secure and thermally insulated fit within the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eThe mounting mat helps to absorb vibration, accommodate thermal expansion, and prevent exhaust gas bypass. It is essential for proper installation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q6 – DPF性能参数（完全依照图片表格，英文） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ6\u003c\/span\u003e DPF performance parameters\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003ctable\u003e\n        \u003cthead\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eSub‑item\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eStandard\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eMethod\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n            \u003cth\u003eVerdict\u003c\/th\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/thead\u003e\n        \u003ctbody\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 外观 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eInternal cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLight inspection\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChipping \/ fracture\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eNot allowed\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eVisual\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eConforms\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 尺寸 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eDimensions\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eLength (OD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e267.16 267.50 266.82 266.58\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWidth\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e\/\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eHeight\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254±1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e254.26 254.42 253.90 253.68\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 其它 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eOthers\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePerpendicularity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5mm\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSquare ruler\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e0.9\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMesh count\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e200±10\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eDial caliper\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e194\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗热震性 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal shock resistance\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e500℃ hold 30 min, quickly remove, cool at room temp for 30 min, repeat 3 times, no cracks\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMuffle furnace\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003ePass\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 抗压强度 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eCompressive strength\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eA‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥3.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e5.61\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eB‑axis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≥1.5MPa\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCompression tester\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e2.23\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 热膨胀系数 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCoefficient of thermal expansion (25℃‑800℃)\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤1.5×10⁻⁶\/℃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eThermal expansion analyzer\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e1.43\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 吸水率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eWater absorption\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤30%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e38.06%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 显气孔率 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eApparent porosity\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤45%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eElectronic scale\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e47.04%\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 堇青石主晶相含量 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eCordierite main crystal phase content\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e≤90\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eXRD\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e95\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 化学成分 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eChemical composition\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eAl₂O₃\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.4±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e35.47\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eMgO\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e13.5±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e14.01\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eSiO₂\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e49.7±1.5\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eChemical analysis\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e48.85\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOK\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n          \u003c!-- 综合判定 --\u003e\n          \u003ctr\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eOverall judgment\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003eQualified\u003c\/td\u003e\n            \u003ctd\u003e—\u003c\/td\u003e\n          \u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n      \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q7 – 安装DPF指南 --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ7\u003c\/span\u003e Installation guide for DPF\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eProper installation is critical for DPF performance and longevity. Follow these guidelines:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBefore You Begin:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePark the vehicle on a level surface and secure it with jack stands.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the exhaust system to cool completely.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDisconnect the negative battery terminal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRefer to your vehicle’s service manual for specific torque values and component locations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1: Remove the Old DPF (if applicable)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eRemove heat shields and brackets for access.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnplug O₂ sensors and pressure sensors connected to the filter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUnbolt flanged connections or cut welded pipes, then carefully remove the old unit.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2: Prepare the Exhaust Pipes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eClean the pipe ends with a wire brush to remove rust and debris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eDeburr cut edges if necessary.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eCheck pipe roundness and fit new gaskets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3: Install the New DPF\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePosition the DPF with the flow direction arrow pointing toward the rear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eUse the provided intumescent mounting mat to wrap the DPF (if not already pre‑installed) to ensure a tight seal in the housing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eInsert the DPF into the housing and secure it with brackets or clamps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eFor weld‑on units, tack‑weld in several places, then fully weld using stainless steel filler.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect all sensors (pressure, temperature, O₂) and ensure wiring is properly routed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReinstall heat shields and underbody covers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4: Post‑Installation Testing\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eReconnect the battery.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eStart the engine and check for exhaust leaks around all joints.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eAllow the engine to reach operating temperature and monitor the DPF’s performance via diagnostic tools (backpressure, temperature, and regeneration status).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003ePerform a forced regeneration (if the vehicle supports it) to verify correct function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003eTake a test drive to confirm no warning lights appear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"warning-box\"\u003e\n        ⚠️ \u003cstrong\u003eImportant Notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Handle the DPF with care – ceramic substrates are fragile.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • DO NOT use leaded fuel or high‑sulfur diesel, as they will permanently damage the filter.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Ensure the engine is free of misfires and oil leaks before installation.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Always use the mounting mat – it is essential for thermal insulation and vibration damping.\u003cbr\u003e\n        • Professional installation is strongly recommended.\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q8 – 发货\/运输时间（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ8\u003c\/span\u003e What are your shipping \u0026amp; delivery times?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur shipping and delivery times depend on stock availability:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cul\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we have stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e We ship within 1–3 business days. Delivery typically takes \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n        \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIf we are out of stock:\u003c\/strong\u003e Production and handling take 15–20 business days, then delivery takes approximately \u003cstrong\u003e12–15 days\u003c\/strong\u003e (including customs clearance and duties).\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003c\/ul\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll shipments are sent DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\u003c\/strong\u003e – this means that all customs clearance fees, import duties, and taxes are already included in the total price you pay. You will not be charged any extra fees upon delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eIf you need faster delivery, please contact us to arrange expedited shipping via \u003cstrong\u003eDHL, UPS, or FEDEX\u003c\/strong\u003e (additional charges apply).\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe will provide you with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q9 – 联系我们（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ9\u003c\/span\u003e How can I contact you?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eYou can reach our team directly via WhatsApp or email. We are happy to assist with any questions about products, sizing, orders, or technical support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eDavin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613335696939\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 133 3569 6939\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:KSRCAT@proton.me\"\u003eKSRCAT@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eAlison\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8615082475717\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 150 8247 5717\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Ksrcatalytic@gmail.com\"\u003eKsrcatalytic@gmail.com\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cdiv class=\"contact-item\"\u003e\n        \u003cstrong\u003eMia\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        WhatsApp: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8613681711685\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e+86 136 8171 1685\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n        E-mail: \u003ca href=\"mailto:Kesairay@proton.me\"\u003eKesairay@proton.me\u003c\/a\u003e\n      \u003c\/div\u003e\n\n      \u003cp\u003eWe typically respond within 24 hours (Monday–Saturday). Please include your order number or vehicle details for faster assistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\n  \u003c!-- Q10 – 公司总部地址（保持不变） --\u003e\n  \u003cdetails\u003e\n    \u003csummary\u003e\u003cspan class=\"q-mark\"\u003eQ10\u003c\/span\u003e Where is your headquarters located?\u003c\/summary\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"answer-wrap\"\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eOur company headquarters is located at:\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding C, Zhongguan Innovation Center, Dongcheng 2nd Road, Pujiang Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n      \u003cp\u003eWe welcome business visits by appointment. Please contact us in advance to arrange a suitable time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003c\/div\u003e\n  \u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"SVIPCAT Store","offers":[{"title":"⁠182x97x152mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Uncoated","offer_id":54580330398042,"sku":null,"price":46.93,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"⁠182x97x152mm \/ Silicon carbide \/ Coated","offer_id":54580330430810,"sku":null,"price":100.27,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0958\/5164\/3226\/files\/111_341ff680-5ce8-4b0b-b73a-0cd824e261fc.jpg?v=1786700802"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.svipcat.com\/collections\/%e7%83%ad%e9%94%80%e4%ba%a7%e5%93%81.oembed?page=2","provider":"SVIPCAT Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}